{"id":1393,"date":"2026-08-11T03:30:13","date_gmt":"2026-08-11T03:30:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/smartmushroomcabin.com\/blog\/mushroom-growing-container-commercial-features-specifications-and-buyers-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-08-11T03:30:15","modified_gmt":"2026-08-11T03:30:15","slug":"mushroom-growing-container-commercial-features-specifications-and-buyers-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/smartmushroomcabin.com\/vi\/blog\/mushroom-growing-container-commercial-features-specifications-and-buyers-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Container tr\u1ed3ng n\u1ea5m: T\u00ednh n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1258,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_gspb_post_css":"","_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1393","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":{"en-title":"Global Mushroom Growing Containers: Specs and Buyer Guide","en-meta":"Explore mushroom growing containers for the Global Market: configurations, climate specifications, utilities, automation, costs, and RFQ guidance for commercial farms.","en-content":"

Quick Answer<\/h2>

A mushroom growing container is an insulated, climate-controlled modular unit designed to provide stable growing conditions for commercial mushroom production. It combines a container structure, refrigeration or heat-pump equipment, humidification, fresh-air exchange, CO2 control, circulation fans, lighting, shelving, drainage, and a programmable climate controller.<\/p>

For the Global Market, a commercial mushroom cultivation container is commonly used by farms that need predictable production without constructing a permanent growing building. It is suitable for oyster mushrooms, shiitake, lion\u2019s mane, enoki, button mushrooms, king oyster mushrooms, medicinal mushrooms, and selected specialty fungi, depending on the selected climate range and cultivation method.<\/p>

Buyers typically choose containerized mushroom farms when they require rapid deployment, controlled production quality, expansion in phases, transportable assets, or production near urban food markets. A modular mushroom growing unit can be installed near agricultural zones, food-distribution centers, hotels, restaurants, laboratories, supermarkets, and rural cooperatives.<\/p>

For an initial project, buyers should define the mushroom species, substrate block size, target monthly output, local ambient temperature, electricity availability, water quality, required certifications, shipping route, and whether the container will be used for incubation, fruiting, or both. A properly specified unit helps reduce climate instability, contamination exposure, labor variability, and crop-loss risk.<\/p>
Buyer Need<\/th>Recommended Container Solution<\/th>Primary Benefit<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Small pilot farm<\/td>10-foot or 20-foot fruiting container<\/td>Lower initial investment and easier training<\/td><\/tr>
Commercial fresh mushroom sales<\/td>40-foot high-cube fruiting container<\/td>Higher rack capacity and scalable output<\/td><\/tr>
Hot-climate production<\/td>Enhanced cooling, insulation, and heat-pump system<\/td>More stable temperature control in high ambient heat<\/td><\/tr>
Cold-region farming<\/td>Heating module with insulated panels and freeze protection<\/td>Reliable winter operation<\/td><\/tr>
Multiple mushroom species<\/td>Separate climate zones or multiple containers<\/td>Reduces compromise between crop recipes<\/td><\/tr>
Urban farm or food hub<\/td>Low-noise container with remote monitoring<\/td>Improved operational control near customers<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

The table above shows why container selection should start with the production model rather than the container size alone. A 40-foot container may offer more growing space, but its value depends on whether the farm has enough substrate supply, trained labor, market demand, and utility capacity to operate it consistently.<\/p>

What Is a Mushroom Growing Container and Where Is It Used<\/h2>

A mushroom growing container is a prefabricated controlled-environment cultivation room built around a shipping-container frame or a purpose-built insulated modular enclosure. It is engineered to maintain the temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, airflow, and hygiene conditions required during mushroom fruiting or incubation.<\/p>

Unlike a conventional agricultural shed, a mushroom container uses an enclosed and controlled system. Fresh air is introduced through filtered inlets, internal air is circulated to reduce dead zones, moisture is added through humidification equipment, and temperature is managed by cooling, heating, or heat-pump technology. Sensors continuously report environmental values to the control system.<\/p>

In the Global Market, mushroom cultivation containers are used across Asia, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, North America, Latin America, Australia, and island markets where construction costs, land limitations, climate variability, or logistics make modular farming attractive. Buyers may deploy units near Rotterdam, Hamburg, Dubai, Singapore, Los Angeles, Melbourne, Lagos, S\u00e3o Paulo, or regional agricultural hubs connected to ports and cold-chain distribution routes.<\/p>

Common applications include farm expansion, commercial mushroom cultivation, restaurant supply programs, supermarket private-label production, agricultural demonstration projects, vocational training centers, research trials, rural development initiatives, and climate-smart food production projects. Some operators use containers only for fruiting, while others create a modular production line with separate incubation, fruiting, packing, and cold-storage modules.<\/p>

For projects requiring an integrated solution, buyers can review a smart mushroom cultivation container solution<\/a> to understand typical layouts, environmental systems, and commercial applications.<\/p>
Industry or User<\/th>Typical Use<\/th>Key Selection Priority<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Commercial mushroom farm<\/td>Continuous fruiting production<\/td>Capacity, automation, energy efficiency<\/td><\/tr>
Agricultural contractor<\/td>Turnkey projects for farm clients<\/td>Engineering support and customization<\/td><\/tr>
Food distributor<\/td>Local fresh mushroom supply<\/td>Reliable harvest scheduling<\/td><\/tr>
Hotel or restaurant group<\/td>Premium on-site or local sourcing<\/td>Compact footprint and clean appearance<\/td><\/tr>
University or research center<\/td>Variety trials and cultivation studies<\/td>Data logging and adjustable recipes<\/td><\/tr>
Rural cooperative<\/td>Shared production and employment project<\/td>Simple operation and service accessibility<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

These applications demonstrate that the product is not limited to large industrial farms. A container farm can serve as an independent revenue unit, a production expansion module, or a standardized system replicated across multiple locations.<\/p>

Standard Product Configuration and System Boundaries<\/h2>

A standard mushroom growing container generally includes the insulated container body, internal growing racks, climate-control equipment, ventilation components, humidification system, electrical cabinet, sensors, drainage arrangement, interior lighting, access door, and digital controller. The exact system boundary should be confirmed before ordering because \u201ccontainer\u201d can mean either the complete cultivation room or only the insulated shell.<\/p>

A complete commercial system normally controls the fruiting environment inside the container. It does not automatically include substrate production, sterilization, inoculation, spawn supply, cold storage, packing equipment, building foundations, external water tanks, backup generators, or local electrical installation unless these items are specifically listed in the quotation.<\/p>

Buyers should request a clear responsibility matrix. This prevents misunderstandings about whether the supplier provides electrical cabling beyond the container, exterior drainage, crane unloading, on-site assembly, ventilation duct extensions, remote network access, or local certification support.<\/p>
Standard Configuration Item<\/th>Typical Function<\/th>Scope Confirmation Needed<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Insulated container enclosure<\/td>Maintains an isolated cultivation environment<\/td>Panel thickness, floor design, door type<\/td><\/tr>
Cooling and heating system<\/td>Controls growing-room temperature<\/td>Ambient design temperature and power rating<\/td><\/tr>
Humidification equipment<\/td>Maintains crop humidity requirements<\/td>Water quality, filtration, drainage<\/td><\/tr>
Fresh-air and exhaust system<\/td>Removes CO2 and supplies oxygen<\/td>Airflow rate, filtration level, duct routing<\/td><\/tr>
Climate controller<\/td>Automates environmental setpoints<\/td>Language, recipes, remote-access method<\/td><\/tr>
Growing racks<\/td>Holds substrate blocks, bags, or trays<\/td>Tier count, loading method, material grade<\/td><\/tr>
Electrical cabinet<\/td>Protects and distributes power<\/td>Voltage, frequency, local electrical standard<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

The table clarifies standard system boundaries. A buyer should avoid comparing quotations based only on exterior dimensions because two containers with the same size can differ significantly in insulation quality, refrigeration capacity, control accuracy, rack loading, and automation level.<\/p>

Capacity, Dimensions, and Utility Requirements<\/h2>

Capacity is commonly measured by the number of substrate blocks, bags, bottles, trays, or kilograms of fresh mushrooms produced per cultivation cycle. The actual harvest depends on mushroom species, substrate formula, biological efficiency, crop management, harvest schedule, block density, and environmental consistency.<\/p>

A 20-foot container may be appropriate for pilot production or a specialty crop program. A 40-foot high-cube mushroom growing container is more common for commercial fruiting because it provides a longer rack layout, larger air volume, and more efficient use of climate-control equipment. However, higher capacity also requires more disciplined substrate planning and harvest labor.<\/p>
Container Type<\/th>Typical External Size<\/th>Indicative Growing Use<\/th>Utility Consideration<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
10-foot container<\/td>Approximately 3 m long<\/td>Trials, training, premium specialty mushrooms<\/td>Lower power demand but limited production volume<\/td><\/tr>
20-foot standard container<\/td>Approximately 6 m long<\/td>Small commercial fruiting room<\/td>Requires stable power, water, and drainage<\/td><\/tr>
40-foot standard container<\/td>Approximately 12 m long<\/td>Medium-scale commercial mushroom growing<\/td>Higher cooling and ventilation load<\/td><\/tr>
40-foot high-cube container<\/td>Approximately 12 m long with added height<\/td>Higher-density racks and improved access<\/td>Suitable for larger crop turnover<\/td><\/tr>
Dual-container installation<\/td>Two connected modules<\/td>Separate incubation and fruiting stages<\/td>Needs coordinated power and drainage planning<\/td><\/tr>
Multi-container farm<\/td>Three or more modules<\/td>Scalable regional production site<\/td>May require transformer, water storage, and backup power<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Before purchase, provide the local voltage and frequency, such as 380\u2013415V\/50Hz or 460V\/60Hz, together with available phase configuration. The supplier should match motors, compressors, protection devices, control components, and plugs to the destination market. Water demand depends on humidification technology, local air dryness, ventilation rate, and crop setpoints. Hard water may require filtration or softening to prevent nozzle blockage and mineral buildup.<\/p>

Site planning should include a level concrete base or engineered supports, access for delivery vehicles, safe drainage, sufficient clearance for maintenance, and a route for lifting equipment. Projects delivered through Qingdao, Shanghai, Ningbo, Shenzhen, Rotterdam, Jebel Ali, Durban, or Santos should also account for inland transportation dimensions, road restrictions, and local crane availability.<\/p>

Temperature, Humidity, CO2, Airflow, and Control Performance<\/h2>

Mushroom production depends on environmental control, but the correct setpoint varies by species and crop stage. Incubation often requires different temperature and ventilation conditions from fruiting. Oyster mushrooms may require strong fresh-air exchange during fruiting, while shiitake and lion\u2019s mane programs may use different temperature, humidity, lighting, and CO2 strategies.<\/p>

Temperature control is usually provided by a refrigeration system, heating source, air-source heat pump, or combined HVAC configuration. Humidity is maintained through high-pressure misting, ultrasonic humidification, fogging, or another specified method. CO2 control is achieved by balancing fresh-air intake, exhaust airflow, internal circulation, and sensor-based automation.<\/p>
Environmental Parameter<\/th>Typical Commercial Control Objective<\/th>Why It Matters<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Temperature<\/td>Species-specific stable setpoint range<\/td>Influences pinning, growth speed, and crop quality<\/td><\/tr>
Relative humidity<\/td>High humidity without excessive surface condensation<\/td>Supports fruit body development and reduces drying<\/td><\/tr>
CO2 concentration<\/td>Controlled through ventilation and sensor feedback<\/td>Shapes stems, caps, density, and yield quality<\/td><\/tr>
Fresh-air exchange<\/td>Adjusted by crop stage and occupancy load<\/td>Removes CO2, heat, and excess moisture<\/td><\/tr>
Internal airflow<\/td>Uniform circulation without direct crop stress<\/td>Reduces climate variation between rack levels<\/td><\/tr>Lighting<\/td>Timer-controlled low-intensity illumination where needed<\/td>Supports species requiring light for fruiting development<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

The values in the table are control categories rather than universal recipes. A reliable supplier should configure the system according to the mushroom variety, substrate type, local climate, and desired crop schedule. Excess airflow can dry mushroom surfaces, while insufficient airflow may raise CO2 levels and create uneven growth. Excessive humidity can cause condensation and hygiene problems, while low humidity can reduce product quality.<\/p>

A dedicated smart mushroom climate controller<\/a> can simplify recipe management by allowing operators to set temperature, humidity, ventilation, CO2, lighting, and alarm thresholds from one interface. For commercial farms, sensor calibration, alarm logic, fan interlocks, compressor protection, and data history are as important as the displayed setpoint.<\/p>

For hot and humid destinations such as Southeast Asia, the Gulf region, coastal Africa, and tropical Latin America, buyers should request performance confirmation at the highest expected outdoor temperature and humidity. For cold climates in Northern Europe, Central Asia, Canada, or mountainous regions, heating load, defrost logic, insulation thickness, and freeze protection should be evaluated before finalizing the design.<\/p>

Core Components, Materials, and Protection Features<\/h2>

The quality of a mushroom container depends on both visible materials and internal engineering. Insulated wall panels, floor construction, door sealing, drainage slope, rack structure, electrical protection, corrosion resistance, and service access all affect long-term farm performance.<\/p>

Commercial units commonly use polyurethane or similar insulated panels, galvanized or coated steel framing, stainless-steel or corrosion-resistant growing racks, washable interior surfaces, LED lights, sealed electrical enclosures, insulated doors, and drainage channels. Material selection should reflect the humidity level, cleaning chemicals, local climate, and intended years of operation.<\/p>

Shandong Lanhu Air Conditioning Equipment Co., Ltd. integrates thermodynamic engineering experience into its mushroom climate solutions, including temperature-control design, air-distribution planning, humidity management, and automated environmental control. The company\u2019s technological capability is supported by more than 12 years of research and development experience and more than 45 registered patents related to agricultural climate control and equipment innovation.<\/p>

Protection features should include overload protection, phase-loss protection where applicable, leakage protection, compressor delay, high-pressure and low-pressure safety functions, fan protection, sensor alarms, emergency stop arrangements, and electrical labeling. For projects in coastal regions or humid tropical markets, corrosion protection and reliable cabinet sealing deserve special attention.<\/p>

Automation, Remote Monitoring, and Customization Options<\/h2>

Automation reduces routine manual adjustment and improves repeatability between growing cycles. A modern mushroom container can use programmable recipes to automatically operate cooling, heating, humidification, ventilation fans, exhaust fans, lighting, and alarms. Operators can save crop programs for different species and modify setpoints as production experience develops.<\/p>

Remote monitoring is especially valuable for farms with multiple sites, distributors managing customer units, or operators located away from the farm. Depending on the selected configuration, remote access may provide current environmental values, equipment operating status, alarm notifications, trend charts, historical data, and selected remote-control functions.<\/p>

Customization options can include container size, insulation thickness, rack configuration, rack material, door position, exterior color, climate zone, electrical standard, controller language, sensor package, HEPA or pre-filter options, water treatment, backup power interface, solar integration readiness, packing-room layout, and branding requirements.<\/p>

Lanhu\u2019s manufacturing capability includes product design, engineering development, sheet-metal fabrication, CNC bending, insulation-panel production, electrical assembly, system integration, equipment testing, and quality inspection. This integrated process helps OEM and ODM buyers request tailored layouts rather than relying only on standard container designs. Companies seeking private-label systems or project-specific modifications can explore the OEM and ODM customization service<\/a>.<\/p>

Future trends through 2026 include lower-energy heat-pump systems, variable-speed fans, improved sensor accuracy, cloud-based crop data analysis, predictive maintenance, water-saving humidification, solar-ready electrical designs, and more traceable food-production records. Sustainability requirements are also influencing buyer decisions, particularly in markets with stricter energy-efficiency policies, carbon reporting, water-use limits, and local food-security programs.<\/p>

Installation, Commissioning, Maintenance, and Warranty<\/h2>

Installation begins with site preparation. The location should have a level foundation, sufficient access for container delivery, reliable power, clean water, drainage, ventilation clearance, and enough working space around the unit. Operators should avoid placing the container where direct sun, flood risk, dust, vehicle exhaust, or poor drainage creates unnecessary operating challenges.<\/p>

Commissioning normally includes checking electrical connections, confirming phase rotation where required, testing cooling and heating functions, verifying humidification, inspecting ventilation direction, calibrating sensors where applicable, checking drainage, confirming alarm operation, and running the container under target conditions before loading mushroom substrate.<\/p>

Routine maintenance should include cleaning filters, inspecting humidification nozzles, checking drain lines, washing interior surfaces, reviewing door seals, checking fan operation, tightening electrical connections, inspecting refrigerant-system performance, and validating sensor readings. Maintenance frequency depends on water quality, dust conditions, operating hours, local climate, and crop sanitation procedures.<\/p>

Warranty terms should be confirmed in the commercial contract. Buyers should ask which components are covered, how long the coverage lasts, whether labor is included, how spare parts are supplied internationally, and what remote troubleshooting support is available. For overseas projects, a recommended spare-parts kit can reduce downtime when local refrigeration or electrical components are not immediately available.<\/p>

Lanhu provides service capabilities including factory-direct supply, engineering assistance, international logistics support, installation guidance, spare-parts support, remote technical communication, and after-sales service for agricultural contractors, equipment distributors, engineering companies, and commercial farms. Before shipment, systems undergo functional inspection, electrical verification, performance testing, and operational evaluation. Buyers can review selected deployment examples in the mushroom container project cases<\/a>.<\/p>

Commercial Specification and RFQ Checklist<\/h2>

A detailed RFQ allows suppliers to provide an accurate technical proposal instead of a generic price. The more complete the project information, the easier it is to size the climate system, select suitable materials, estimate energy demand, and define shipment and installation responsibilities.<\/p>
RFQ Item<\/th>Information to Provide<\/th>Reason for Inclusion<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Mushroom species<\/td>Oyster, shiitake, lion\u2019s mane, button, enoki, or other type<\/td>Determines climate recipe and rack arrangement<\/td><\/tr>
Crop stage<\/td>Incubation, fruiting, or combined use<\/td>Defines ventilation, lighting, and temperature needs<\/td><\/tr>Container size<\/td>10-foot, 20-foot, 40-foot, high-cube, or custom module<\/td>Sets available production space and equipment capacity<\/td><\/tr>
Local climate<\/td>Summer maximum, winter minimum, humidity, altitude<\/td>Supports accurate HVAC sizing<\/td><\/tr>
Electrical supply<\/td>Voltage, frequency, phase, and available power<\/td>Ensures compatible equipment selection<\/td><\/tr>
Water conditions<\/td>Water source, pressure, hardness, and treatment availability<\/td>Protects humidification and sanitation performance<\/td><\/tr>
Destination and port<\/td>Country, city, inland delivery address, preferred port<\/td>Helps plan logistics and container transport<\/td><\/tr>
Required options<\/td>Remote monitoring, branding, racks, filters, backup power<\/td>Prevents missing items in the commercial offer<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

The RFQ checklist above should be used together with target production volume and budget expectations. Buyers should compare offers based on delivered scope, environmental design conditions, insulation quality, automation functions, warranty, and service support\u2014not solely on the lowest equipment price.<\/p>

For Global Market projects, ask whether the quotation is EXW, FOB, CIF, DAP, or another agreed Incoterm. Confirm the departure port, sea-freight assumptions, customs responsibilities, destination handling, inland delivery, unloading equipment, and local installation requirements. A project shipped from Shandong may use Qingdao Port, while final delivery may require coordination with local logistics teams in Dubai, Mombasa, Antwerp, Houston, Sydney, or other regional trade hubs.<\/p>

Shandong Lanhu Air Conditioning Equipment Co., Ltd. operates a manufacturing facility of more than 30,000 square meters in Dezhou, Shandong, China. Its quality-management approach includes functional testing and inspection before shipment, supported by ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 45001, ISO 12100, patent documentation, and related enterprise credentials. Buyers needing a project-specific proposal can contact the mushroom container team<\/a> with their crop, climate, utility, and delivery requirements.<\/p>

FAQ<\/h2>

What mushrooms can be grown in a mushroom growing container?<\/h3>

Common options include oyster mushrooms, shiitake, lion\u2019s mane, king oyster mushrooms, enoki, button mushrooms, and selected medicinal varieties. The container must be configured for the required temperature, humidity, CO2, airflow, lighting, and crop-management method.<\/p>

Can one container grow different mushroom species at the same time?<\/h3>

It is possible only when the species have compatible environmental requirements. In most commercial projects, separate containers or independent climate zones provide better consistency because different species often need different temperatures, CO2 levels, and ventilation rates.<\/p>

How much electricity does a mushroom container use?<\/h3>

Power consumption varies with container size, insulation, outdoor climate, crop recipe, cooling load, ventilation rate, humidification system, and operating hours. Hot climates generally require more cooling energy, while cold climates may require more heating energy. Request an estimated operating-load range based on your local design conditions.<\/p>

Does the system include substrate preparation equipment?<\/h3>

Normally, a mushroom growing container is designed for incubation or fruiting rather than substrate sterilization and inoculation. Substrate mixers, bagging machines, sterilizers, boilers, clean rooms, and cold rooms should be quoted separately if needed.<\/p>

Can the container be monitored remotely?<\/h3>

Yes. Optional remote monitoring can provide environmental data, equipment status, alarms, historical records, and selected control functions through a networked platform, depending on the selected controller and local internet connection.<\/p>

How long does installation take?<\/h3>

If the site foundation, power, water, drainage, and delivery access are ready, the container itself can usually be positioned quickly. Final commissioning time depends on electrical connection, utility completion, climate testing, staff training, and any custom integration work.<\/p>

What should buyers check before signing a purchase order?<\/h3>

Confirm container dimensions, crop capacity assumptions, local climate design conditions, voltage and frequency, included equipment, excluded works, rack design, control functions, warranty scope, spare parts, shipping terms, commissioning support, and delivery responsibilities.<\/p>

Is a container farm suitable for sustainable mushroom production?<\/h3>

Yes, when designed and operated efficiently. Insulated structures, efficient heat pumps, programmable climate control, water management, local distribution, and phased expansion can help reduce avoidable energy use, transport distance, and crop waste. Sustainable performance still depends on local power sources, substrate supply, sanitation, and operational management.<\/p>","es-title":"Contenedores para cultivar setas: gu\u00eda para Espa\u00f1a","es-meta":"Contenedor para cultivo de setas en Espa\u00f1a: gu\u00eda para elegir capacidad, clima, automatizaci\u00f3n, instalaci\u00f3n y servicio t\u00e9cnico para proyectos comerciales rentables.","es-content":"

Respuesta r\u00e1pida<\/h2>

Un contenedor para cultivo de setas<\/strong> es una instalaci\u00f3n modular climatizada, dise\u00f1ada para mantener condiciones estables de temperatura, humedad, di\u00f3xido de carbono, renovaci\u00f3n de aire e iluminaci\u00f3n durante la incubaci\u00f3n, fructificaci\u00f3n y cosecha. Permite producir hongos comestibles durante todo el a\u00f1o con menor dependencia del clima exterior.<\/p>

Para proyectos en Espa\u00f1a, este tipo de soluci\u00f3n resulta especialmente \u00fatil en explotaciones cercanas a Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Murcia, Zaragoza, Sevilla, Bilbao o A Coru\u00f1a, donde la disponibilidad de suelo, la variaci\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica, el coste energ\u00e9tico y la log\u00edstica pueden influir en el rendimiento. Un m\u00f3dulo bien configurado puede instalarse junto a un almac\u00e9n agr\u00edcola, central hortofrut\u00edcola, cooperativa, restaurante de producci\u00f3n propia, planta de compost o centro de distribuci\u00f3n.<\/p>

La elecci\u00f3n correcta depende de la especie cultivada, el n\u00famero de estanter\u00edas, la carga de sustrato, el m\u00e9todo de producci\u00f3n, el clima local, la potencia el\u00e9ctrica disponible y el nivel de automatizaci\u00f3n requerido. Lanhu fabrica soluciones modulares para cultivo de setas con control clim\u00e1tico integrado, configurables para champi\u00f1\u00f3n, seta de ostra, shiitake, melena de le\u00f3n y otras especies de valor comercial.<\/p>

Qu\u00e9 es un contenedor para cultivo de setas y d\u00f3nde se utiliza<\/h2>

El contenedor de cultivo de hongos es una c\u00e1mara de producci\u00f3n aislada, transportable y equipada con sistemas de refrigeraci\u00f3n, calefacci\u00f3n, humidificaci\u00f3n, ventilaci\u00f3n, filtraci\u00f3n, sensores y control autom\u00e1tico. A diferencia de una nave agr\u00edcola convencional, concentra los equipos clim\u00e1ticos en una envolvente de volumen reducido, lo que facilita el control de los par\u00e1metros de cultivo y la repetibilidad de cada lote.<\/p>

En Espa\u00f1a se utiliza tanto como unidad independiente como ampliaci\u00f3n de una granja existente. Puede colocarse en una finca rural de Castilla y Le\u00f3n, junto a un distribuidor alimentario en Mercamadrid, en una cooperativa de Almer\u00eda o Murcia, o cerca de puertos log\u00edsticos como Valencia, Barcelona, Bilbao y Algeciras para proyectos con orientaci\u00f3n exportadora.<\/p>

Los principales usuarios son productores comerciales de setas, empresas de agricultura urbana, distribuidores de equipos agroalimentarios, viveros especializados, universidades, centros de formaci\u00f3n, cooperativas, restaurantes de proximidad y operadores que desean validar un producto antes de construir una instalaci\u00f3n mayor. Tambi\u00e9n se emplea para separar especies, fases productivas o lotes con diferentes exigencias sanitarias.<\/p>

Una ventaja importante es la rapidez de puesta en marcha. En lugar de levantar una c\u00e1mara frigor\u00edfica o una nave desde cero, el comprador recibe un sistema modular previamente integrado, probado y preparado para su conexi\u00f3n en destino. Puede consultar ejemplos de aplicaciones y configuraciones en la secci\u00f3n de proyectos de cultivo realizados<\/a>.<\/p>
Entorno de uso<\/th>Aplicaci\u00f3n habitual<\/th>Ventaja principal<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Explotaci\u00f3n agr\u00edcola rural<\/td>Producci\u00f3n continua de setas frescas<\/td>Menor dependencia del clima estacional<\/td><\/tr>
Cooperativa agroalimentaria<\/td>Producci\u00f3n compartida y demostrativa<\/td>Escalabilidad por m\u00f3dulos<\/td><\/tr>
Centro log\u00edstico<\/td>Cultivo cercano al punto de distribuci\u00f3n<\/td>Mayor frescura del producto<\/td><\/tr>
Restaurante o grupo hostelero<\/td>Setas gourmet de proximidad<\/td>Diferenciaci\u00f3n gastron\u00f3mica<\/td><\/tr>
Centro educativo<\/td>Investigaci\u00f3n y formaci\u00f3n micol\u00f3gica<\/td>Par\u00e1metros de ensayo controlados<\/td><\/tr>
Empresa de compost o sustrato<\/td>Pruebas de rendimiento de bloques<\/td>Validaci\u00f3n de nuevas formulaciones<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

La tabla muestra que el contenedor no se limita a la producci\u00f3n agr\u00edcola convencional. Su utilidad aumenta cuando se necesita consistencia, trazabilidad por lote, control sanitario y cercan\u00eda al mercado consumidor.<\/p>

Configuraci\u00f3n est\u00e1ndar del producto y l\u00edmites del sistema<\/h2>

Una configuraci\u00f3n est\u00e1ndar suele incluir la estructura aislada, puerta de acceso, estanter\u00edas de cultivo, unidad de tratamiento de aire, sistema de fr\u00edo y calor, generador de humedad, ventiladores, sensores ambientales, iluminaci\u00f3n de trabajo, cuadro el\u00e9ctrico, controlador programable y protecciones b\u00e1sicas. El alcance exacto debe definirse antes de solicitar una oferta, ya que algunas partidas pueden depender de la normativa local, del emplazamiento y de las necesidades del proyecto.<\/p>

En una soluci\u00f3n comercial, el contenedor se entrega normalmente como sala de cultivo preparada para instalar. Sin embargo, no siempre incluye la acometida el\u00e9ctrica desde la red, la base de hormig\u00f3n, la conexi\u00f3n de agua, el drenaje exterior, el sustrato inoculado, las licencias municipales, la formaci\u00f3n presencial prolongada ni los permisos sanitarios. Estos puntos deben quedar claramente diferenciados entre suministro de f\u00e1brica y trabajos a cargo del comprador.<\/p>

Lanhu puede adaptar la distribuci\u00f3n interior, el n\u00famero de niveles de estanter\u00eda, la ubicaci\u00f3n de m\u00e1quinas, la direcci\u00f3n del aire y la programaci\u00f3n seg\u00fan la especie. La gama de contenedores inteligentes para cultivo de setas<\/a> est\u00e1 planteada para proyectos que requieren una soluci\u00f3n integrada y ampliable.<\/p><\/tbody><\/table>

Esta distinci\u00f3n evita errores frecuentes: comprar un equipo t\u00e9cnicamente adecuado, pero sin prever una toma el\u00e9ctrica suficiente, un desag\u00fce funcional o un espacio de maniobra para cami\u00f3n y gr\u00faa. En zonas rurales de Espa\u00f1a, tambi\u00e9n conviene comprobar con antelaci\u00f3n la calidad del agua, la estabilidad de la red y la cobertura de comunicaciones.<\/p>

Capacidad, dimensiones y requisitos de servicios<\/h2>

La capacidad se expresa normalmente mediante superficie \u00fatil de estanter\u00edas, volumen interior, n\u00famero de bloques de sustrato o toneladas de carga por ciclo. No existe una capacidad universalmente v\u00e1lida: un contenedor para seta de ostra puede organizarse de modo diferente a uno para shiitake, porque cambian el tama\u00f1o de los bloques, la densidad de carga, la ventilaci\u00f3n y los tiempos de fructificaci\u00f3n.<\/p>

Los formatos de 20 y 40 pies son habituales por su facilidad de transporte mar\u00edtimo y terrestre. Un contenedor de 20 pies suele ser adecuado para pruebas comerciales, peque\u00f1as explotaciones, restauraci\u00f3n o formaci\u00f3n. Un modelo de 40 pies ofrece mayor superficie \u00fatil y puede ser m\u00e1s eficiente por kilogramo producido cuando la carga y la demanda est\u00e1n consolidadas.<\/p>

Elemento<\/th>Incluido habitualmente<\/th>Debe confirmarse en la oferta<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Estructura aislada<\/td>S\u00ed<\/td>Espesor de panel y acabado exterior<\/td><\/tr>
Estanter\u00edas interiores<\/td>S\u00ed o como opci\u00f3n<\/td>Carga por nivel y material<\/td><\/tr>
Control clim\u00e1tico<\/td>S\u00ed<\/td>Rangos operativos y precisi\u00f3n<\/td><\/tr>
Conexi\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica externa<\/td>No<\/td>Potencia, tensi\u00f3n y protecciones locales<\/td><\/tr>
Base de instalaci\u00f3n<\/td>No<\/td>Hormig\u00f3n, nivelaci\u00f3n y drenaje<\/td><\/tr>
Sustrato y semilla<\/td>No<\/td>Proveedor, especie y calendario productivo<\/td><\/tr>
Formato orientativo<\/th>Longitud exterior aproximada<\/th>Uso recomendado<\/th>Necesidad el\u00e9ctrica estimada<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
20 pies compacto<\/td>6,1 metros<\/td>Ensayos, formaci\u00f3n y producci\u00f3n local<\/td>Seg\u00fan clima y equipos instalados<\/td><\/tr>
20 pies alto<\/td>6,1 metros<\/td>Mayor altura para estanter\u00edas<\/td>Seg\u00fan carga t\u00e9rmica<\/td><\/tr>
40 pies est\u00e1ndar<\/td>12,2 metros<\/td>Producci\u00f3n comercial media<\/td>Requiere estudio t\u00e9cnico<\/td><\/tr>
40 pies alto<\/td>12,2 metros<\/td>M\u00e1xima capacidad vertical<\/td>Requiere acometida reforzada<\/td><\/tr>
M\u00f3dulo doble<\/td>Seg\u00fan dise\u00f1o<\/td>Separaci\u00f3n de salas o mayor volumen<\/td>Cuadro dimensionado por proyecto<\/td><\/tr>
Conjunto modular<\/td>Variable<\/td>Granjas escalables por fases<\/td>Dise\u00f1o centralizado o individual<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

La potencia requerida depende del aislamiento, la temperatura exterior, la ubicaci\u00f3n, la especie, la carga de producto, el r\u00e9gimen de apertura de puertas y los equipos seleccionados. Una instalaci\u00f3n en C\u00f3rdoba, Sevilla o Murcia puede exigir m\u00e1s capacidad de refrigeraci\u00f3n en verano que un proyecto situado en Lugo, Oviedo o Burgos. En cambio, en zonas fr\u00edas del interior puede ser necesario prestar m\u00e1s atenci\u00f3n a la calefacci\u00f3n y a la protecci\u00f3n frente a heladas.<\/p>

Adem\u00e1s de electricidad, el proyecto necesita agua limpia para humidificaci\u00f3n, desag\u00fce para condensados y limpieza, espacio de mantenimiento alrededor de los equipos y una superficie firme, nivelada y accesible. Antes de la compra, es recomendable solicitar un plano de implantaci\u00f3n con dimensiones, peso operativo, puntos de conexi\u00f3n y necesidades de ventilaci\u00f3n exterior.<\/p>

Temperatura, humedad, di\u00f3xido de carbono, flujo de aire y rendimiento del control<\/h2>

El \u00e9xito de un cultivo depende de mantener un microclima coherente con la fase biol\u00f3gica de cada especie. La temperatura influye en la velocidad de colonizaci\u00f3n y fructificaci\u00f3n; la humedad evita la desecaci\u00f3n de los cuerpos fruct\u00edferos; el di\u00f3xido de carbono afecta a la forma y desarrollo de las setas; y el flujo de aire permite renovar el ambiente sin crear corrientes excesivas.<\/p>

Los valores deben considerarse objetivos de cultivo y no simples n\u00fameros fijos. Una misma especie puede requerir condiciones diferentes durante la incubaci\u00f3n, inducci\u00f3n, fructificaci\u00f3n y descanso sanitario. Por ello, el controlador debe permitir configurar recetas, alarmas y horarios espec\u00edficos por fase.<\/p>
Par\u00e1metro<\/th>Funci\u00f3n en el cultivo<\/th>Riesgo si es inadecuado<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Temperatura<\/td>Regula desarrollo y velocidad de producci\u00f3n<\/td>Rendimiento irregular o estr\u00e9s del micelio<\/td><\/tr>
Humedad relativa<\/td>Protege la superficie de las setas<\/td>Deshidrataci\u00f3n o exceso de condensaci\u00f3n<\/td><\/tr>
Di\u00f3xido de carbono<\/td>Influye en forma y tama\u00f1o<\/td>Pie alargado o sombrero poco desarrollado<\/td><\/tr>
Renovaci\u00f3n de aire<\/td>Evac\u00faa gases y calor interno<\/td>Ambiente viciado y menor uniformidad<\/td><\/tr>
Velocidad del aire<\/td>Distribuye clima y humedad<\/td>Corrientes secantes sobre el cultivo<\/td><\/tr>
Iluminaci\u00f3n<\/td>Apoya fases de fructificaci\u00f3n en ciertas especies<\/td>Desarrollo visual irregular<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

La explicaci\u00f3n de estos par\u00e1metros es importante: no basta con instalar un humidificador potente. Si la renovaci\u00f3n de aire es insuficiente, el di\u00f3xido de carbono puede subir demasiado. Si la ventilaci\u00f3n es excesiva, la humedad puede caer r\u00e1pidamente. Si el aire no se distribuye de forma equilibrada, las bandejas pr\u00f3ximas a los equipos pueden producir de manera distinta a las situadas al fondo.<\/p>

Para mejorar la estabilidad, se recomienda utilizar sensores calibrables, control proporcional de equipos, ventiladores distribuidos y estrategias de recirculaci\u00f3n. Los controladores de clima para setas de Lanhu permiten supervisar variables clave y ajustar el funcionamiento de los equipos de acuerdo con los l\u00edmites definidos por el usuario. Puede ver m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre el controlador clim\u00e1tico inteligente para setas<\/a>.<\/p>

En Espa\u00f1a, el dise\u00f1o debe considerar las olas de calor, la humedad costera, el polvo en determinadas zonas agr\u00edcolas y las diferencias entre el clima atl\u00e1ntico, mediterr\u00e1neo y continental. Una especificaci\u00f3n dise\u00f1ada para el norte de Europa no siempre tendr\u00e1 el mismo comportamiento en Extremadura, Arag\u00f3n o el litoral mediterr\u00e1neo.<\/p>

Componentes principales, materiales y funciones de protecci\u00f3n<\/h2>

La estructura exterior debe ofrecer resistencia mec\u00e1nica, protecci\u00f3n frente a la corrosi\u00f3n y facilidad de transporte. En el interior, los materiales deben soportar humedad elevada, limpieza frecuente y condiciones de trabajo propias de una sala agr\u00edcola. Los paneles aislantes reducen las p\u00e9rdidas t\u00e9rmicas y ayudan a mantener una temperatura uniforme, lo que disminuye la carga de los equipos de climatizaci\u00f3n.<\/p>

Los componentes principales incluyen compresores o sistemas de bomba de calor, evaporadores, ventiladores, conductos, humidificaci\u00f3n por niebla o agua, resistencias o calefacci\u00f3n integrada, sensores, filtros, iluminaci\u00f3n, cuadro el\u00e9ctrico, bandejas de condensado, v\u00e1lvulas, estanter\u00edas y puertas aisladas. Seg\u00fan la especie y el nivel sanitario buscado, pueden a\u00f1adirse filtraci\u00f3n mejorada, desinfecci\u00f3n, control de presi\u00f3n o acceso mediante doble puerta.<\/p>
Componente<\/th>Material o caracter\u00edstica<\/th>Beneficio operativo<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Panel aislante<\/td>N\u00facleo t\u00e9rmico de alta densidad<\/td>Reduce p\u00e9rdidas de fr\u00edo y calor<\/td><\/tr>
Revestimiento interior<\/td>Superficie lavable y resistente a humedad<\/td>Facilita la higiene<\/td><\/tr>
Estanter\u00edas<\/td>Acero galvanizado o inoxidable seg\u00fan necesidad<\/td>Soporta carga y limpieza frecuente<\/td><\/tr>
Puerta aislada<\/td>Cierre herm\u00e9tico y juntas resistentes<\/td>Reduce entradas de aire exterior<\/td><\/tr>
Cuadro el\u00e9ctrico<\/td>Protecciones t\u00e9rmicas y el\u00e9ctricas<\/td>Mayor seguridad de funcionamiento<\/td><\/tr>
Drenaje de condensado<\/td>Canalizaci\u00f3n y salida controlada<\/td>Evita acumulaci\u00f3n de agua<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Las funciones de protecci\u00f3n deben incluir alarmas de temperatura alta y baja, l\u00edmites de humedad, avisos de fallo de sensores, protecci\u00f3n de compresores, control de ventiladores y capacidad de recuperaci\u00f3n despu\u00e9s de un corte el\u00e9ctrico. Para instalaciones ubicadas en \u00e1reas con tormentas o variaciones de red, se recomienda estudiar protecciones contra sobretensiones y sistemas de respaldo adecuados.<\/p>

Desde el punto de vista de fabricaci\u00f3n, Lanhu integra dise\u00f1o, fabricaci\u00f3n de chapa, plegado de precisi\u00f3n, producci\u00f3n de paneles aislantes, montaje el\u00e9ctrico y pruebas funcionales en su propia cadena industrial. Esta integraci\u00f3n facilita la coherencia entre la estructura, los equipos clim\u00e1ticos y el sistema de control antes del env\u00edo.<\/p>

Automatizaci\u00f3n, supervisi\u00f3n remota y opciones de personalizaci\u00f3n<\/h2>

La automatizaci\u00f3n permite reducir tareas repetitivas y responder con rapidez ante desviaciones ambientales. Un sistema b\u00e1sico puede controlar temperatura, humedad, ventilaci\u00f3n e iluminaci\u00f3n mediante consignas programadas. Una soluci\u00f3n m\u00e1s avanzada puede incorporar recetas por fase, registro hist\u00f3rico, alarmas al tel\u00e9fono, acceso remoto, gr\u00e1ficas de tendencia, control por grupos de equipos y gesti\u00f3n de varios contenedores desde una misma plataforma.<\/p>

La supervisi\u00f3n remota es especialmente \u00fatil para productores con varias ubicaciones, distribuidores que prestan servicio a clientes o gestores de explotaciones alejadas de su residencia. Por ejemplo, un operador con un contenedor en Toledo y otro en Girona puede revisar el estado de ambos sin desplazarse diariamente, siempre que exista una conexi\u00f3n de comunicaciones estable.<\/p>

Las opciones de personalizaci\u00f3n pueden incluir dimensiones, color exterior, distribuci\u00f3n de pasillos, cantidad de niveles, tipo de puerta, rango de temperatura, humidificaci\u00f3n, nivel de filtraci\u00f3n, idioma de la pantalla, suministro el\u00e9ctrico, sistema de estanter\u00edas y protocolo de control. Para proyectos especiales, el fabricante puede adaptar el sistema a diferentes variedades de hongos y a criterios concretos de productividad.<\/p>

Lanhu cuenta con experiencia en desarrollo termodin\u00e1mico y soluciones de control ambiental para agricultura. Sus capacidades tecnol\u00f3gicas se orientan a integrar sensores, automatizaci\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica y equipos de tratamiento de aire en m\u00f3dulos preparados para operar con par\u00e1metros configurables. Los clientes que necesiten una soluci\u00f3n de marca propia o una adaptaci\u00f3n espec\u00edfica pueden consultar el servicio de personalizaci\u00f3n para fabricantes y distribuidores<\/a>.<\/p>

La tendencia para 2026 apunta hacia plataformas de cultivo con mayor an\u00e1lisis de datos, mantenimiento predictivo, control energ\u00e9tico por franjas horarias y automatizaci\u00f3n basada en previsiones meteorol\u00f3gicas. Tambi\u00e9n crecer\u00e1 el inter\u00e9s por sistemas que optimicen el consumo de agua, recuperen calor, empleen refrigerantes de menor impacto y documenten condiciones de producci\u00f3n para mejorar la trazabilidad alimentaria.<\/p>

Instalaci\u00f3n, puesta en marcha, mantenimiento y garant\u00eda<\/h2>

La instalaci\u00f3n debe comenzar con una inspecci\u00f3n del emplazamiento. El terreno ha de soportar el peso del contenedor cargado, permitir el acceso de camiones y gr\u00faas, disponer de drenaje y dejar espacio para mantenimiento. En pol\u00edgonos industriales de Madrid, Valencia o Barcelona puede ser necesario coordinar horarios de descarga; en fincas rurales, conviene verificar caminos, radios de giro y posibles limitaciones de altura.<\/p>

La puesta en marcha incluye la conexi\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica, revisi\u00f3n de agua y drenaje, verificaci\u00f3n de sensores, comprobaci\u00f3n de ventiladores, prueba de fr\u00edo y calor, ajuste de alarmas y validaci\u00f3n del control. Antes de introducir sustrato comercial, es recomendable realizar un periodo de estabilizaci\u00f3n para confirmar que el sistema mantiene los par\u00e1metros objetivo en condiciones reales.<\/p>
Etapa<\/th>Acci\u00f3n recomendada<\/th>Responsable habitual<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Preparaci\u00f3n del terreno<\/td>Nivelar, drenar y preparar base<\/td>Comprador o contratista local<\/td><\/tr>
Entrega y descarga<\/td>Coordinar transporte y medios de elevaci\u00f3n<\/td>Comprador y empresa log\u00edstica<\/td><\/tr>
Conexiones<\/td>Electricidad, agua, drenaje y comunicaciones<\/td>Instalador autorizado<\/td><\/tr>
Prueba funcional<\/td>Verificar equipos y protecciones<\/td>Proveedor con apoyo del cliente<\/td><\/tr>
Calibraci\u00f3n inicial<\/td>Ajustar recetas y l\u00edmites de alarma<\/td>T\u00e9cnico de cultivo<\/td><\/tr>Mantenimiento peri\u00f3dico<\/td>Limpiar, inspeccionar y registrar incidencias<\/td>Operador de la explotaci\u00f3n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

El mantenimiento preventivo debe incluir limpieza de filtros, revisi\u00f3n de drenajes, comprobaci\u00f3n de ventiladores, limpieza de boquillas de humidificaci\u00f3n, inspecci\u00f3n de juntas, control de corrosi\u00f3n, verificaci\u00f3n de conexiones el\u00e9ctricas y calibraci\u00f3n peri\u00f3dica de sensores. Una higiene insuficiente puede generar problemas de contaminaci\u00f3n, olores, condensaci\u00f3n o irregularidad entre lotes.<\/p>

La garant\u00eda debe definirse por escrito e indicar cobertura de estructura, equipos, componentes el\u00e9ctricos y piezas de desgaste. Tambi\u00e9n es aconsejable confirmar el procedimiento para diagn\u00f3stico remoto, disponibilidad de repuestos, tiempos de respuesta y documentaci\u00f3n t\u00e9cnica. Lanhu ofrece apoyo de instalaci\u00f3n, asistencia de ingenier\u00eda, suministro de repuestos y coordinaci\u00f3n log\u00edstica internacional para proyectos comerciales.<\/p>

Especificaci\u00f3n comercial y lista para solicitud de oferta<\/h2>

Una solicitud de oferta bien preparada ayuda a recibir una propuesta comparable y evita presupuestos incompletos. El comprador debe explicar qu\u00e9 especie cultivar\u00e1, el volumen esperado, la ciudad de instalaci\u00f3n, la temperatura exterior de dise\u00f1o, el tipo de suministro el\u00e9ctrico, el nivel de automatizaci\u00f3n, los requisitos de transporte y las expectativas de asistencia t\u00e9cnica.<\/p>

Para Espa\u00f1a, tambi\u00e9n conviene indicar si el equipo se instalar\u00e1 en una explotaci\u00f3n agr\u00edcola, pol\u00edgono industrial, zona urbana o \u00e1rea portuaria. Deben confirmarse los requisitos municipales, la disponibilidad de agua, el sistema de evacuaci\u00f3n, las restricciones ac\u00fasticas, el acceso de veh\u00edculos y la normativa aplicable al establecimiento alimentario.<\/p>
Informaci\u00f3n para solicitar oferta<\/th>Por qu\u00e9 es necesaria<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Especie de seta<\/td>Define el rango clim\u00e1tico y la configuraci\u00f3n interior<\/td><\/tr>
Ciudad o provincia de instalaci\u00f3n<\/td>Permite calcular carga t\u00e9rmica y log\u00edstica<\/td><\/tr>
Capacidad objetivo<\/td>Determina tama\u00f1o, estanter\u00edas y equipos<\/td><\/tr>
Alimentaci\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica disponible<\/td>Evita incompatibilidades de tensi\u00f3n y potencia<\/td><\/tr>
Fuente de agua y drenaje<\/td>Define humidificaci\u00f3n, filtraci\u00f3n y evacuaci\u00f3n<\/td><\/tr>
Necesidad de control remoto<\/td>Determina comunicaciones y software<\/td><\/tr>
Fecha prevista de entrega<\/td>Facilita planificaci\u00f3n de producci\u00f3n y transporte<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Adem\u00e1s del precio inicial, compare consumo energ\u00e9tico previsto, espesor de aislamiento, calidad de estanter\u00edas, facilidad de limpieza, disponibilidad de piezas, alcance de garant\u00eda, documentaci\u00f3n y soporte posterior. Un contenedor econ\u00f3mico con control insuficiente puede generar p\u00e9rdidas de producci\u00f3n m\u00e1s costosas que una inversi\u00f3n inicial mejor dimensionada.<\/p>

La evoluci\u00f3n del mercado espa\u00f1ol favorece soluciones de producci\u00f3n local, cadenas de suministro m\u00e1s cortas y alimentos diferenciados por frescura. Las exigencias de sostenibilidad y eficiencia energ\u00e9tica seguir\u00e1n impulsando el uso de paneles mejor aislados, control inteligente de compresores, recuperaci\u00f3n t\u00e9rmica y seguimiento digital de consumos. Para solicitar una revisi\u00f3n t\u00e9cnica de su proyecto, puede contactar con el equipo mediante el formulario de consulta para Espa\u00f1a<\/a>.<\/p>

Preguntas frecuentes<\/h2>

\u00bfQu\u00e9 setas pueden cultivarse en un contenedor climatizado?<\/strong>
Dependiendo de la configuraci\u00f3n, pueden cultivarse seta de ostra, shiitake, melena de le\u00f3n, enoki y otras especies. Cada variedad necesita una receta clim\u00e1tica, una carga de sustrato y una estrategia de ventilaci\u00f3n espec\u00edficas.<\/p>

\u00bfEs rentable instalar un contenedor para cultivo de setas en Espa\u00f1a?<\/strong>
La rentabilidad depende del precio de venta, coste del sustrato, consumo energ\u00e9tico, productividad, log\u00edstica y mano de obra. Suele ser m\u00e1s favorable cuando existe una salida comercial clara hacia restauraci\u00f3n, tiendas especializadas, mercados locales, distribuidores o venta directa.<\/p>

\u00bfQu\u00e9 tama\u00f1o es adecuado para empezar?<\/strong>
Un formato compacto puede ser apropiado para validar el cultivo y el mercado. Una unidad mayor tiene sentido cuando ya se dispone de demanda estable, personal de operaci\u00f3n y capacidad de gestionar cosecha, envasado y distribuci\u00f3n.<\/p>

\u00bfSe necesita una nave para instalar el contenedor?<\/strong>
No necesariamente. Puede instalarse al exterior sobre una base adecuada, siempre que se protejan las conexiones, se garantice el acceso de mantenimiento y se cumplan los requisitos locales. Una cubierta adicional puede ser \u00fatil en zonas de calor intenso o lluvia frecuente.<\/p>

\u00bfCu\u00e1nta electricidad consume?<\/strong>
El consumo cambia seg\u00fan tama\u00f1o, aislamiento, clima exterior, especie, carga productiva y frecuencia de apertura. Es recomendable solicitar una estimaci\u00f3n adaptada a la provincia de instalaci\u00f3n y comparar el consumo en verano e invierno.<\/p>

\u00bfPuede controlarse desde el m\u00f3vil?<\/strong>
S\u00ed, cuando se incorpora supervisi\u00f3n remota y existe conexi\u00f3n de comunicaciones. El sistema puede mostrar par\u00e1metros, tendencias y alarmas, aunque la gesti\u00f3n diaria del cultivo sigue requiriendo inspecci\u00f3n f\u00edsica e higiene adecuada.<\/p>

\u00bfQu\u00e9 mantenimiento necesita?<\/strong>
Requiere limpieza peri\u00f3dica, revisi\u00f3n de filtros, drenajes, humidificaci\u00f3n, ventiladores, sensores y conexiones el\u00e9ctricas. El mantenimiento preventivo reduce paradas y ayuda a conservar condiciones ambientales uniformes.<\/p>

\u00bfLanhu puede adaptar un equipo para distribuidores espa\u00f1oles?<\/strong>
S\u00ed. Lanhu puede colaborar en configuraciones personalizadas, apoyo t\u00e9cnico, fabricaci\u00f3n para marca propia, documentaci\u00f3n comercial, repuestos y coordinaci\u00f3n de transporte para distribuidores, contratistas agr\u00edcolas y proyectos de cultivo comercial.<\/p>","pt-title":"Contentores para Cogumelos: Guia Comercial em Portugal","pt-meta":"Conhe\u00e7a o contentor de cultivo de cogumelos em Portugal: capacidades, controlo clim\u00e1tico, instala\u00e7\u00e3o, compra e requisitos para projetos comerciais rent\u00e1veis.","pt-content":"

Resposta r\u00e1pida<\/h2>

Um contentor de cultivo de cogumelos \u00e9 uma unidade modular isolada, equipada para manter condi\u00e7\u00f5es ambientais est\u00e1veis durante a frutifica\u00e7\u00e3o, incuba\u00e7\u00e3o ou ambas as fases, conforme o projeto. Integra normalmente isolamento t\u00e9rmico, refrigera\u00e7\u00e3o, aquecimento, humidifica\u00e7\u00e3o, renova\u00e7\u00e3o de ar, sensores e um sistema de controlo clim\u00e1tico. Para produtores em Portugal, representa uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o compacta para iniciar ou ampliar a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de cogumelos com maior previsibilidade, menor depend\u00eancia de edif\u00edcios agr\u00edcolas convencionais e controlo mais rigoroso sobre temperatura, humidade, di\u00f3xido de carbono e circula\u00e7\u00e3o do ar.<\/p>

Estes m\u00f3dulos s\u00e3o utilizados para esp\u00e9cies como cogumelo-ostra, shiitake, juba-de-le\u00e3o, agaricus, enoki e outras variedades cujos par\u00e2metros de cultivo podem variar. A sele\u00e7\u00e3o deve ser feita em fun\u00e7\u00e3o da esp\u00e9cie, do tipo de substrato, da carga produtiva, da zona clim\u00e1tica portuguesa, da disponibilidade el\u00e9trica e do objetivo comercial. Uma unidade bem especificada pode servir explora\u00e7\u00f5es agr\u00edcolas, distribuidores hortofrut\u00edcolas, restaurantes com produ\u00e7\u00e3o pr\u00f3pria, cooperativas, centros de forma\u00e7\u00e3o e projetos de agricultura urbana.<\/p>

Antes de comprar, o ponto mais importante n\u00e3o \u00e9 apenas o pre\u00e7o do contentor. \u00c9 confirmar a capacidade efetiva de blocos ou sacos, a pot\u00eancia dispon\u00edvel no local, o intervalo clim\u00e1tico exigido, o n\u00famero de colheitas previsto, a estrat\u00e9gia de limpeza e a assist\u00eancia t\u00e9cnica. Um sistema inadequadamente dimensionado pode manter o espa\u00e7o frio, mas falhar no controlo de humidade ou na extra\u00e7\u00e3o de di\u00f3xido de carbono, reduzindo a qualidade e a uniformidade da produ\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>

O que \u00e9 um contentor de cultivo de cogumelos e onde \u00e9 utilizado<\/h2>

Um contentor para produ\u00e7\u00e3o de cogumelos \u00e9 uma c\u00e2mara de cultivo instalada dentro de uma estrutura modular transport\u00e1vel. Pode ser constru\u00eddo a partir de um contentor mar\u00edtimo adaptado ou de uma estrutura modular isolada concebida para uso agr\u00edcola. O seu interior recebe estantes, equipamento de climatiza\u00e7\u00e3o, rede de \u00e1gua, ilumina\u00e7\u00e3o de servi\u00e7o, quadros el\u00e9tricos e elementos de controlo. A unidade cria um ambiente separado do exterior, permitindo reduzir as varia\u00e7\u00f5es provocadas pelo calor de ver\u00e3o no Alentejo, pela humidade do litoral ou pelas noites frias de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes.<\/p>

Em Portugal, esta solu\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 especialmente relevante para projetos pr\u00f3ximos de Lisboa, Porto, Braga, Leiria, Santar\u00e9m, Set\u00fabal, Faro e \u00c9vora, onde a proximidade aos mercados pode reduzir o tempo entre a colheita e a entrega. Tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 interessante para operadores ligados aos portos de Sines, Leix\u00f5es e Lisboa, que procuram solu\u00e7\u00f5es modulares transport\u00e1veis para projetos agr\u00edcolas, demonstra\u00e7\u00f5es comerciais ou distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de equipamentos especializados.<\/p>

Um m\u00f3dulo pode funcionar como sala de frutifica\u00e7\u00e3o, sala de incuba\u00e7\u00e3o, unidade de ensaio de novas variedades ou extens\u00e3o tempor\u00e1ria de uma explora\u00e7\u00e3o existente. Em opera\u00e7\u00f5es maiores, v\u00e1rios contentores podem ser instalados em paralelo, separando esp\u00e9cies, lotes ou fases de produ\u00e7\u00e3o. Esta separa\u00e7\u00e3o ajuda a diminuir riscos de contamina\u00e7\u00e3o cruzada e permite ajustar os par\u00e2metros ambientais a cada cultura.<\/p>
Setor de utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/th>Aplica\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00edpica<\/th>Benef\u00edcio principal<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Explora\u00e7\u00e3o agr\u00edcola familiar<\/td>Produ\u00e7\u00e3o regular de cogumelo-ostra<\/td>Entrada gradual no mercado<\/td><\/tr>
Produtor comercial<\/td>Expans\u00e3o modular da capacidade<\/td>Rapidez de instala\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td><\/tr>
Restaurante ou hotel<\/td>Produ\u00e7\u00e3o de cogumelos frescos no local<\/td>Diferencia\u00e7\u00e3o gastron\u00f3mica<\/td><\/tr>
Cooperativa agr\u00edcola<\/td>Produ\u00e7\u00e3o partilhada por v\u00e1rios membros<\/td>Melhor aproveitamento do investimento<\/td><\/tr>
Centro de forma\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td>Demonstra\u00e7\u00e3o de t\u00e9cnicas de cultivo<\/td>Ambiente repet\u00edvel para ensino<\/td><\/tr>
Agricultura urbana<\/td>Produ\u00e7\u00e3o junto a centros de consumo<\/td>Menor dist\u00e2ncia log\u00edstica<\/td><\/tr>
Distribuidor alimentar<\/td>Fornecimento de nicho e produtos premium<\/td>Maior controlo de frescura<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

A tabela mostra que o mesmo equipamento pode atender modelos de neg\u00f3cio muito distintos. A configura\u00e7\u00e3o adequada depende do fluxo de trabalho: quem compra substrato j\u00e1 inoculado precisa de uma sala de frutifica\u00e7\u00e3o eficiente; quem produz o pr\u00f3prio substrato necessita tamb\u00e9m de espa\u00e7os separados para prepara\u00e7\u00e3o, esteriliza\u00e7\u00e3o e incuba\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>

Configura\u00e7\u00e3o habitual do produto e limites do sistema<\/h2>

Uma configura\u00e7\u00e3o comercial habitual inclui a estrutura isolada, portas de acesso, pain\u00e9is interiores lav\u00e1veis, estantes galvanizadas ou em a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel, unidade de tratamento de ar, sistema de refrigera\u00e7\u00e3o e aquecimento, humidificador, ventiladores, entradas e sa\u00eddas de ar, sensores ambientais, ilumina\u00e7\u00e3o e quadro el\u00e9trico de comando. O controlador recebe os dados dos sensores e ajusta automaticamente os equipamentos de acordo com os valores definidos para cada receita de cultivo.<\/p>

Os limites do sistema devem ficar claros numa proposta comercial. Um contentor de frutifica\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o substitui necessariamente uma \u00e1rea de prepara\u00e7\u00e3o de substrato, uma zona de pasteuriza\u00e7\u00e3o, uma sala de embalagem refrigerada ou uma instala\u00e7\u00e3o de lavagem de caixas. O comprador deve confirmar se a solu\u00e7\u00e3o inclui apenas a c\u00e2mara climatizada ou tamb\u00e9m os acess\u00f3rios exteriores, como dep\u00f3sito de \u00e1gua, cobertura de prote\u00e7\u00e3o, plataforma de acesso, cabos el\u00e9tricos, tubagens, unidade exterior e instala\u00e7\u00e3o no terreno.<\/p>

Para conhecer uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o modular orientada para produ\u00e7\u00e3o comercial, consulte o contentor inteligente para cultivo de cogumelos<\/a>. A an\u00e1lise t\u00e9cnica deve sempre considerar a esp\u00e9cie cultivada e as condi\u00e7\u00f5es reais do local de instala\u00e7\u00e3o em Portugal.<\/p>
Elemento<\/th>Inclu\u00eddo frequentemente<\/th>Confirmar no pedido<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Estrutura modular isolada<\/td>Sim<\/td>Espessura e classifica\u00e7\u00e3o do isolamento<\/td><\/tr>
Estantes de cultivo<\/td>Sim<\/td>N\u00famero de n\u00edveis e carga m\u00e1xima<\/td><\/tr>
Climatiza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td>Sim<\/td>Capacidade para a temperatura exterior local<\/td><\/tr>
Humidifica\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td>Sim<\/td>Consumo de \u00e1gua e qualidade exigida<\/td><\/tr>
Controlo de di\u00f3xido de carbono<\/td>Sim<\/td>Sensores, extra\u00e7\u00e3o e renova\u00e7\u00e3o de ar<\/td><\/tr>
Instala\u00e7\u00e3o no terreno<\/td>Vari\u00e1vel<\/td>Funda\u00e7\u00e3o, cablagem e tubagem<\/td><\/tr>
Sala de prepara\u00e7\u00e3o de substrato<\/td>Normalmente n\u00e3o<\/td>Necessidade de m\u00f3dulo complementar<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Esta distin\u00e7\u00e3o evita compara\u00e7\u00f5es incorretas entre propostas. Dois contentores com dimens\u00f5es semelhantes podem ter pre\u00e7os muito diferentes se um incluir automa\u00e7\u00e3o, estantes, equipamento frigor\u00edfico dimensionado, sensores e prote\u00e7\u00e3o el\u00e9trica, enquanto outro for apenas uma estrutura isolada.<\/p>

Capacidade, dimens\u00f5es e requisitos de utilidades<\/h2>

As dimens\u00f5es mais comuns correspondem a m\u00f3dulos de aproximadamente 6 ou 12 metros de comprimento, embora seja poss\u00edvel fabricar medidas especiais. A capacidade n\u00e3o deve ser avaliada apenas em metros quadrados: depende da largura dos corredores, da altura das estantes, da dist\u00e2ncia entre blocos, do tipo de embalagem de substrato e da esp\u00e9cie cultivada. Estantes mais densas aumentam a capacidade te\u00f3rica, mas podem dificultar a circula\u00e7\u00e3o de ar, a colheita e a limpeza.<\/p>

Um m\u00f3dulo de menor dimens\u00e3o \u00e9 \u00fatil para testes, restaurantes, pequenas explora\u00e7\u00f5es ou produ\u00e7\u00e3o de variedades premium. Um m\u00f3dulo de cerca de 12 metros \u00e9 geralmente mais adequado para projetos comerciais que precisam de organizar lotes, criar ciclos de colheita semanais e distribuir custos fixos por maior volume produtivo. Para opera\u00e7\u00f5es em expans\u00e3o, deve ser previsto espa\u00e7o no terreno para futuras unidades, corredores de servi\u00e7o e uma zona de carga protegida.<\/p>
Formato indicativo<\/th>Uso recomendado<\/th>Capacidade aproximada<\/th>Utilidades a prever<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
M\u00f3dulo compacto<\/td>Ensaios e restaura\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td>200 a 500 blocos<\/td>Eletricidade, \u00e1gua e drenagem<\/td><\/tr>
M\u00f3dulo de 6 metros<\/td>Pequena produ\u00e7\u00e3o comercial<\/td>500 a 1.000 blocos<\/td>Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o el\u00e9trica dedicada<\/td><\/tr>
M\u00f3dulo de 12 metros<\/td>Produ\u00e7\u00e3o cont\u00ednua<\/td>1.000 a 2.500 blocos<\/td>\u00c1gua, esgoto e \u00e1rea t\u00e9cnica<\/td><\/tr>
Dois m\u00f3dulos ligados<\/td>Incuba\u00e7\u00e3o e frutifica\u00e7\u00e3o separadas<\/td>2.000 a 5.000 blocos<\/td>Quadro el\u00e9trico ampliado<\/td><\/tr>
Conjunto de quatro m\u00f3dulos<\/td>Explora\u00e7\u00e3o regional<\/td>4.000 a 10.000 blocos<\/td>Infraestrutura planeada<\/td><\/tr>
Projeto personalizado<\/td>Processo espec\u00edfico<\/td>Definida por projeto<\/td>Estudo t\u00e9cnico pr\u00e9vio<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Os valores s\u00e3o orientativos e devem ser validados pelo fornecedor com base nas dimens\u00f5es das estantes e no m\u00e9todo de cultivo. A pot\u00eancia el\u00e9trica necess\u00e1ria varia segundo a capacidade de refrigera\u00e7\u00e3o, o clima local, a temperatura de opera\u00e7\u00e3o e a exist\u00eancia de aquecimento. Em regi\u00f5es interiores de Portugal, o dimensionamento deve considerar tanto os picos de calor no ver\u00e3o como as necessidades de aquecimento no inverno.<\/p>

A \u00e1gua usada para humidifica\u00e7\u00e3o deve ser analisada quando apresentar elevada dureza, part\u00edculas ou risco microbiol\u00f3gico. Em algumas localiza\u00e7\u00f5es, poder\u00e1 ser aconselh\u00e1vel instalar filtragem, tratamento ou osmose, conforme a qualidade da \u00e1gua e o tipo de humidificador. Deve existir drenagem adequada para lavagem, condensados e excesso de humidade, evitando po\u00e7as que favore\u00e7am contamina\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/p>

Temperatura, humidade, di\u00f3xido de carbono, fluxo de ar e desempenho do controlo<\/h2>

O controlo ambiental \u00e9 o centro de um contentor de cultivo de cogumelos. A temperatura influencia a velocidade de desenvolvimento, a forma\u00e7\u00e3o dos corpos frut\u00edferos e a qualidade final. A humidade relativa ajuda a evitar desidrata\u00e7\u00e3o, fissuras e redu\u00e7\u00e3o de peso. O di\u00f3xido de carbono deve ser monitorizado porque concentra\u00e7\u00f5es elevadas podem causar caules alongados, chap\u00e9us pequenos ou deforma\u00e7\u00f5es, dependendo da esp\u00e9cie. O fluxo de ar precisa de renovar o ambiente sem criar correntes diretas que sequem os cogumelos.<\/p>

N\u00e3o existe uma receita universal. O cogumelo-ostra pode exigir condi\u00e7\u00f5es diferentes das necess\u00e1rias para shiitake ou juba-de-le\u00e3o, e at\u00e9 a mesma esp\u00e9cie pode requerer altera\u00e7\u00f5es entre a fase inicial de frutifica\u00e7\u00e3o e o per\u00edodo de colheita. Por isso, um controlador program\u00e1vel com receitas por esp\u00e9cie \u00e9 mais \u00fatil do que um simples term\u00f3stato.<\/p>
Par\u00e2metro<\/th>Fun\u00e7\u00e3o no cultivo<\/th>Risco de controlo inadequado<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Temperatura<\/td>Regula crescimento e frutifica\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td>Desenvolvimento lento ou deformado<\/td><\/tr>
Humidade relativa<\/td>Protege a superf\u00edcie dos cogumelos<\/td>Secagem, rachaduras ou condensa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td><\/tr>
Di\u00f3xido de carbono<\/td>Indica necessidade de renova\u00e7\u00e3o de ar<\/td>Caules excessivos e baixa qualidade<\/td><\/tr>
Fluxo de ar<\/td>Distribui ar tratado no espa\u00e7o<\/td>Zonas quentes, frias ou secas<\/td><\/tr>
Press\u00e3o do ar<\/td>Ajuda a gerir entradas e sa\u00eddas<\/td>Entrada de poeiras e contaminantes<\/td><\/tr>
Luz de servi\u00e7o<\/td>Apoia esp\u00e9cies que respondem \u00e0 luz<\/td>Frutifica\u00e7\u00e3o irregular em algumas culturas<\/td><\/tr>
Tempo de funcionamento<\/td>Otimiza ciclos dos equipamentos<\/td>Consumo excessivo de energia<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Para melhorar o desempenho, os sensores devem ser colocados em posi\u00e7\u00f5es representativas e n\u00e3o apenas junto \u00e0 sa\u00edda da unidade de ar. Em m\u00f3dulos compridos, podem ser necess\u00e1rios v\u00e1rios pontos de medi\u00e7\u00e3o. O sistema deve trabalhar com margens de controlo realistas, evitando liga\u00e7\u00f5es e desligamentos demasiado frequentes, que aumentam desgaste e consumo.<\/p>

Um controlador clim\u00e1tico inteligente para cogumelos<\/a> pode centralizar temperaturas, n\u00edveis de humidade, ventila\u00e7\u00e3o, alarmes e programa\u00e7\u00e3o de receitas. Contudo, a automatiza\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o elimina a necessidade de inspe\u00e7\u00e3o di\u00e1ria: o operador deve verificar o estado dos blocos, sinais de contamina\u00e7\u00e3o, distribui\u00e7\u00e3o da nebuliza\u00e7\u00e3o e qualidade visual dos cogumelos.<\/p>

Componentes principais, materiais e recursos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>

Os materiais utilizados no interior devem resistir a humidade elevada, limpeza regular e ambientes com mat\u00e9ria org\u00e2nica. Os pain\u00e9is isolados com revestimento met\u00e1lico protegido, os pavimentos antiderrapantes e as superf\u00edcies lisas e lav\u00e1veis facilitam a higieniza\u00e7\u00e3o. As estantes podem ser galvanizadas, revestidas ou em a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel, de acordo com a intensidade de uso, or\u00e7amento e exig\u00eancias sanit\u00e1rias.<\/p>

A prote\u00e7\u00e3o do equipamento \u00e9 igualmente importante. Quadros el\u00e9tricos adequados ao ambiente h\u00famido, disjuntores de prote\u00e7\u00e3o, liga\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 terra, cabos protegidos e ilumina\u00e7\u00e3o apropriada reduzem riscos operacionais. As portas devem fechar corretamente para limitar a entrada de ar exterior, insetos e poeiras. A instala\u00e7\u00e3o de redes, filtros e sistemas de drenagem ajuda a preservar a higiene do espa\u00e7o.<\/p>

A Shandong Lanhu Air Conditioning Equipment Co., Ltd. desenvolve solu\u00e7\u00f5es de climatiza\u00e7\u00e3o agr\u00edcola e m\u00f3dulos de cultivo com base em mais de doze anos de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em termodin\u00e2mica. A sua capacidade tecnol\u00f3gica combina gest\u00e3o clim\u00e1tica, integra\u00e7\u00e3o de sensores e desenvolvimento de equipamentos para projetos agr\u00edcolas controlados. Para o comprador portugu\u00eas, esta experi\u00eancia \u00e9 relevante quando \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio adaptar o sistema a diferentes esp\u00e9cies, amplitudes t\u00e9rmicas e necessidades de opera\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>

Automa\u00e7\u00e3o, monitoriza\u00e7\u00e3o remota e op\u00e7\u00f5es de personaliza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>

A automa\u00e7\u00e3o permite definir receitas de cultivo com valores de temperatura, humidade, ventila\u00e7\u00e3o e di\u00f3xido de carbono para cada fase. O controlador pode acionar automaticamente refrigera\u00e7\u00e3o, aquecimento, humidifica\u00e7\u00e3o e ventiladores. Tamb\u00e9m pode gerar alarmes quando um par\u00e2metro ultrapassa limites definidos, ajudando o produtor a intervir antes de ocorrerem perdas significativas.<\/p>

A monitoriza\u00e7\u00e3o remota \u00e9 \u00fatil para explora\u00e7\u00f5es com v\u00e1rias unidades, gestores que acompanham instala\u00e7\u00f5es em diferentes regi\u00f5es ou distribuidores que prestam apoio t\u00e9cnico aos seus clientes. A plataforma deve apresentar leituras claras, hist\u00f3rico de tend\u00eancias, estado dos equipamentos e notifica\u00e7\u00f5es de falhas. Ainda assim, deve ser confirmada a compatibilidade com a liga\u00e7\u00e3o dispon\u00edvel no local, especialmente em propriedades rurais com cobertura limitada.<\/p>

As op\u00e7\u00f5es de personaliza\u00e7\u00e3o podem incluir distribui\u00e7\u00e3o interna das estantes, n\u00famero de portas, posi\u00e7\u00e3o da \u00e1rea t\u00e9cnica, tipo de humidificador, refor\u00e7o de isolamento, sistema de filtragem, alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o el\u00e9trica, idioma do painel, capacidade frigor\u00edfica e integra\u00e7\u00e3o com equipamentos existentes. Para projetos com requisitos particulares, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel solicitar desenvolvimento \u00e0 medida atrav\u00e9s do servi\u00e7o de personaliza\u00e7\u00e3o de equipamentos agr\u00edcolas<\/a>.<\/p>

Do ponto de vista industrial, a Lanhu disp\u00f5e de fabrico integrado, incluindo conce\u00e7\u00e3o, engenharia, corte e dobragem de chapa, produ\u00e7\u00e3o de pain\u00e9is isolados, montagem el\u00e9trica, integra\u00e7\u00e3o do sistema e testes funcionais. A unidade fabril, localizada em Dezhou, na prov\u00edncia chinesa de Shandong, ultrapassa 30.000 metros quadrados e apoia a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de m\u00f3dulos padronizados e personalizados. Antes do envio, os equipamentos passam por verifica\u00e7\u00e3o el\u00e9trica, ensaios de desempenho e avalia\u00e7\u00e3o operacional.<\/p>

Instala\u00e7\u00e3o, coloca\u00e7\u00e3o em funcionamento, manuten\u00e7\u00e3o e garantia<\/h2>

A instala\u00e7\u00e3o come\u00e7a pela prepara\u00e7\u00e3o do local. O terreno deve ser nivelado, ter capacidade de suporte, permitir acesso de cami\u00e3o e grua e dispor de espa\u00e7o para manuten\u00e7\u00e3o da unidade exterior e do quadro t\u00e9cnico. Uma base em bet\u00e3o, sapatas ou estrutura met\u00e1lica pode ser necess\u00e1ria, dependendo das condi\u00e7\u00f5es do solo e do projeto. Deve ser planeado o escoamento de \u00e1guas, incluindo a drenagem das lavagens e dos condensados.<\/p>

Na coloca\u00e7\u00e3o em funcionamento, deve-se confirmar o sentido de rota\u00e7\u00e3o dos ventiladores, a resposta dos sensores, a calibra\u00e7\u00e3o das leituras, a abertura das entradas de ar, a drenagem, a estabilidade da temperatura e a uniformidade da humidade. O primeiro ciclo \u00e9 uma fase de valida\u00e7\u00e3o operacional. Recomenda-se iniciar com uma carga moderada de blocos antes de atingir a capacidade m\u00e1xima.<\/p>
Frequ\u00eancia<\/th>Tarefa de manuten\u00e7\u00e3o<\/th>Objetivo<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Diariamente<\/td>Verificar temperatura, humidade e alarmes<\/td>Detetar desvios rapidamente<\/td><\/tr>
Semanalmente<\/td>Inspecionar bicos de nebuliza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td>Manter humidifica\u00e7\u00e3o uniforme<\/td><\/tr>
Semanalmente<\/td>Limpar pavimento e pontos de drenagem<\/td>Reduzir risco de contamina\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td><\/tr>
Mensalmente<\/td>Verificar filtros e ventiladores<\/td>Preservar caudal de ar<\/td><\/tr>
Trimestralmente<\/td>Rever liga\u00e7\u00f5es el\u00e9tricas e sensores<\/td>Evitar falhas de controlo<\/td><\/tr>
Entre lotes<\/td>Limpeza e desinfe\u00e7\u00e3o completa<\/td>Preparar nova produ\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td><\/tr>
Anualmente<\/td>Revis\u00e3o do sistema frigor\u00edfico<\/td>Manter efici\u00eancia energ\u00e9tica<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

A garantia deve indicar claramente a cobertura da estrutura, dos equipamentos el\u00e9tricos, do sistema de refrigera\u00e7\u00e3o e dos componentes de desgaste. Pe\u00e7as como filtros, bicos, vedantes e consum\u00edveis podem ter condi\u00e7\u00f5es diferentes. \u00c9 aconselh\u00e1vel solicitar uma lista de pe\u00e7as sobresselentes recomendadas para manter localmente, sobretudo quando a instala\u00e7\u00e3o se encontra longe dos grandes centros log\u00edsticos.<\/p>

A empresa disponibiliza apoio de engenharia, orienta\u00e7\u00e3o de instala\u00e7\u00e3o, fornecimento de pe\u00e7as e assist\u00eancia p\u00f3s-venda para projetos internacionais. Para Portugal, a prepara\u00e7\u00e3o antecipada da documenta\u00e7\u00e3o de transporte, das necessidades de descarga e das liga\u00e7\u00f5es locais reduz atrasos na chegada por via mar\u00edtima e na distribui\u00e7\u00e3o a partir de portos como Sines ou Leix\u00f5es.<\/p>

Especifica\u00e7\u00e3o comercial e lista de verifica\u00e7\u00e3o para pedido de cota\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>

Um pedido de cota\u00e7\u00e3o bem preparado permite receber propostas compar\u00e1veis. Em vez de pedir apenas \u201cum contentor para cogumelos\u201d, descreva a esp\u00e9cie, a produ\u00e7\u00e3o pretendida, o local de instala\u00e7\u00e3o, a temperatura exterior esperada, a eletricidade dispon\u00edvel, a origem da \u00e1gua e a forma de descarga. Inclua fotografias do terreno e informa\u00e7\u00e3o sobre acessos para ve\u00edculos pesados quando poss\u00edvel.<\/p>
Informa\u00e7\u00e3o para enviar<\/th>Porque \u00e9 necess\u00e1ria<\/th>Exemplo pr\u00e1tico<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Esp\u00e9cie de cogumelo<\/td>Define a receita clim\u00e1tica<\/td>Cogumelo-ostra cinzento<\/td><\/tr>
Capacidade desejada<\/td>Define estantes e volume<\/td>1.500 blocos por ciclo<\/td><\/tr>
Local do projeto<\/td>Dimensiona climatiza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td>\u00c9vora, zona interior<\/td><\/tr>
Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o el\u00e9trica<\/td>Define quadro e pot\u00eancia<\/td>Trif\u00e1sica dispon\u00edvel<\/td><\/tr>
Qualidade da \u00e1gua<\/td>Define filtragem necess\u00e1ria<\/td>\u00c1gua de furo analisada<\/td><\/tr>
Objetivo de produ\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td>Orienta o desenho operacional<\/td>Venda semanal a retalho<\/td><\/tr>
Servi\u00e7os pretendidos<\/td>Evita lacunas na proposta<\/td>Transporte e orienta\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00e9cnica<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Al\u00e9m da proposta inicial, solicite desenhos da disposi\u00e7\u00e3o interna, lista de componentes, pot\u00eancia nominal, consumo estimado, limites operacionais, prazo de fabrico, condi\u00e7\u00f5es de transporte, instru\u00e7\u00f5es de manuten\u00e7\u00e3o e detalhes da garantia. Pe\u00e7a tamb\u00e9m refer\u00eancias de instala\u00e7\u00f5es compar\u00e1veis atrav\u00e9s da p\u00e1gina de casos de aplica\u00e7\u00e3o em cultivo controlado<\/a>.<\/p>

As tend\u00eancias para 2026 em Portugal apontam para maior interesse em agricultura de proximidade, redu\u00e7\u00e3o do desperd\u00edcio alimentar, efici\u00eancia energ\u00e9tica e rastreabilidade de produtos frescos. Projetos mais competitivos tendem a combinar sensores mais precisos, manuten\u00e7\u00e3o preventiva, controlo remoto, recupera\u00e7\u00e3o de dados de produ\u00e7\u00e3o e melhor isolamento. A evolu\u00e7\u00e3o das exig\u00eancias ambientais e da efici\u00eancia energ\u00e9tica tamb\u00e9m favorece equipamentos com gest\u00e3o inteligente de consumo, componentes dur\u00e1veis e possibilidade de amplia\u00e7\u00e3o por m\u00f3dulos.<\/p>

Para produtores que procuram fornecedores locais, vale a pena comparar integradores agr\u00edcolas, instaladores de frio industrial e distribuidores de equipamentos hort\u00edcolas em Lisboa, Porto, Aveiro, Braga e Faro. Contudo, a capacidade de assist\u00eancia local deve ser analisada juntamente com a especializa\u00e7\u00e3o real em cultivo de cogumelos. Um fornecedor de refrigera\u00e7\u00e3o gen\u00e9rica pode n\u00e3o dominar as exig\u00eancias de humidade elevada, renova\u00e7\u00e3o de ar e comportamento do di\u00f3xido de carbono numa sala de frutifica\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>

Perguntas frequentes<\/h2>

Um contentor de cultivo serve para todas as esp\u00e9cies de cogumelos?<\/strong>
Serve como estrutura de ambiente controlado, mas os equipamentos e as receitas devem ser configurados para a esp\u00e9cie escolhida. Shiitake, juba-de-le\u00e3o e cogumelo-ostra podem exigir condi\u00e7\u00f5es diferentes.<\/p>

\u00c9 poss\u00edvel instalar um contentor de cogumelos em qualquer zona de Portugal?<\/strong>
Sim, desde que o sistema seja corretamente dimensionado para o clima local, exista acesso el\u00e9trico, \u00e1gua adequada, drenagem e uma base est\u00e1vel. Zonas quentes do interior exigem aten\u00e7\u00e3o especial \u00e0 capacidade de refrigera\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>

Quantos quilogramas de cogumelos pode produzir um m\u00f3dulo?<\/strong>
A produ\u00e7\u00e3o depende da esp\u00e9cie, qualidade do substrato, peso dos blocos, efici\u00eancia biol\u00f3gica, n\u00famero de colheitas e gest\u00e3o clim\u00e1tica. O fornecedor deve estimar a capacidade com base em dados concretos do m\u00e9todo de cultivo.<\/p>

O contentor inclui substrato e sementes de cogumelo?<\/strong>
Normalmente, a unidade de cultivo \u00e9 fornecida como equipamento clim\u00e1tico e estrutural. O substrato, as sementes e os consum\u00edveis agr\u00edcolas devem ser confirmados separadamente.<\/p>

\u00c9 necess\u00e1ria m\u00e3o de obra permanente?<\/strong>
A automa\u00e7\u00e3o reduz tarefas repetitivas, mas continua a ser necess\u00e1ria inspe\u00e7\u00e3o di\u00e1ria, colheita, limpeza, controlo da qualidade e acompanhamento dos lotes.<\/p>

Como pedir uma proposta para um projeto em Portugal?<\/strong>
Envie a esp\u00e9cie pretendida, localiza\u00e7\u00e3o, capacidade, alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o el\u00e9trica, fotografias do local e necessidades de entrega atrav\u00e9s da p\u00e1gina de contacto para projetos de cultivo de cogumelos<\/a>. Com estes dados, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel preparar uma recomenda\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00e9cnica e comercial mais precisa.<\/p>

\u00c9 poss\u00edvel ampliar a explora\u00e7\u00e3o no futuro?<\/strong>
Sim. A modularidade permite acrescentar unidades de frutifica\u00e7\u00e3o, incuba\u00e7\u00e3o ou armazenamento \u00e0 medida que aumentam as vendas, desde que o terreno e as utilidades tenham sido planeados para expans\u00e3o.<\/p>","de-title":"Pilzzuchtcontainer f\u00fcr Deutschland: Technik und Kaufberatung","de-meta":"Pilzzuchtcontainer f\u00fcr Deutschland: Auslegung, Klima, Ausstattung, Montage und Beschaffung f\u00fcr planbare Ertr\u00e4ge in professionellen, nachhaltigen Pilzbetrieben.","de-content":"

Kurzantwort<\/h2>

Ein Pilzzuchtcontainer ist eine isolierte, technisch ausger\u00fcstete Kultivierungseinheit f\u00fcr die kontrollierte Produktion von Speisepilzen. Er verbindet einen ged\u00e4mmten Containerk\u00f6rper mit K\u00fchlung, Heizung, Befeuchtung, Frischluftzufuhr, Umluft, Kohlendioxidregelung, Beleuchtung und einer digitalen Steuerung. Dadurch k\u00f6nnen Z\u00fcchter Temperatur, relative Luftfeuchte, Kohlendioxidgehalt und Luftbewegung unabh\u00e4ngig von den Au\u00dfenbedingungen f\u00fchren.<\/p>

F\u00fcr Deutschland ist ein Pilzzuchtcontainer besonders interessant, wenn eine schnelle Erweiterung, eine saisonunabh\u00e4ngige Produktion oder ein begrenzter Standort mit hoher Wertsch\u00f6pfung genutzt werden soll. Typische Anwender sind Direktvermarkter, Hofl\u00e4den, urbane Landwirtschaftsbetriebe, Pilzproduzenten, Gastronomiezulieferer, Forschungseinrichtungen und landwirtschaftliche Betriebe mit leerstehenden Fl\u00e4chen. Ein Container ersetzt keine vollst\u00e4ndige Prozessplanung f\u00fcr Substrat, Brut und Ernte, schafft jedoch eine klar definierte Klimazone f\u00fcr Fruchtung, Durchwachsen oder Versuchsreihen.<\/p>

Ein professioneller Pilzzuchtcontainer sollte nicht nur nach Au\u00dfenma\u00df oder Regalfl\u00e4che beschafft werden. Entscheidend sind die Klimaleistung bei deutscher Sommer- und Winterauslegung, die Verteilung der Luft im Regal, der Energiebedarf, die Reinigbarkeit, die elektrische Absicherung sowie eine nachvollziehbare technische Dokumentation. F\u00fcr Projekte in Hamburg, Berlin, K\u00f6ln, M\u00fcnchen, Leipzig oder im Ruhrgebiet kann die modulare Bauweise eine wirtschaftliche Alternative zum Neubau eines speziellen Kultivierungsraums sein.<\/p>

Was ist ein Pilzzuchtcontainer und wo wird er eingesetzt?<\/h2>

Ein Pilzzuchtcontainer ist ein transportf\u00e4higer oder station\u00e4r aufstellbarer Kulturraum, der f\u00fcr bestimmte Entwicklungsphasen von Pilzen klimatisiert wird. Im Inneren befinden sich \u00fcblicherweise Regale, Luftkan\u00e4le, Sensoren, Vernebler, Beleuchtung und eine zentrale Regelung. Die Einheiten werden vor allem f\u00fcr Austernseitlinge, Shiitake, Kr\u00e4uterseitlinge, Igelstachelbart, Champignonspezialit\u00e4ten und weitere Gourmetpilze eingesetzt. Die konkrete Sollwertstrategie h\u00e4ngt immer von Art, Stamm, Substrat, Beutel- oder Blockformat und Kulturphase ab.<\/p>

In Deutschland werden solche Anlagen h\u00e4ufig dort eingesetzt, wo regionale Frische und kurze Lieferzeiten wirtschaftlich wichtig sind. Ein Produzent nahe dem Gro\u00dfmarkt Hamburg kann Erntechargen schnell an Gastronomie und Einzelhandel liefern. Betriebe im Raum Frankfurt am Main profitieren von der N\u00e4he zu Logistik- und Handelsstrukturen. In Berlin, Dresden oder N\u00fcrnberg passen kompakte Pilzcontainer gut zu urbanen Landwirtschaftskonzepten, Bildungsprojekten und lokalen Lebensmittelmarken.<\/p>

Die Containerl\u00f6sung ist au\u00dferdem f\u00fcr Betriebsgr\u00fcndungen geeignet, weil sie Investitionen stufenweise erm\u00f6glicht. Statt sofort eine gro\u00dfe Halle auszubauen, kann ein Betrieb mit einer oder mehreren Klimazellen beginnen und bei gesicherter Nachfrage erg\u00e4nzen. F\u00fcr eine erste technische Orientierung bietet die Seite Pilzzuchtcontainer mit integrierter Klimaf\u00fchrung<\/a> eine \u00dcbersicht typischer Systeml\u00f6sungen.<\/p>
Einsatzbereich<\/th>Typischer Zweck<\/th>Wichtige Auslegung<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Direktvermarktender Hof<\/td>Frische Pilze f\u00fcr Hofladen und Wochenmarkt<\/td>Kleine Chargen, einfache Reinigung, niedrige Bedienh\u00fcrden<\/td><\/tr>
Gastronomiezulieferer<\/td>Regelm\u00e4\u00dfige Lieferung hochwertiger Spezialpilze<\/td>Ernteplanung, stabile Luftfeuchte, Chargentrennung<\/td><\/tr>
Urbaner Landwirtschaftsbetrieb<\/td>Produktion nahe am Verbraucher<\/td>Schallschutz, Fern\u00fcberwachung, kompakte Medienf\u00fchrung<\/td><\/tr>
Landwirtschaftlicher Nebenbetrieb<\/td>Zus\u00e4tzliche Einkommensquelle auf dem Betriebsgel\u00e4nde<\/td>Frostschutz, Energieversorgung, wettergesch\u00fctzter Standort<\/td><\/tr>
Forschung und Ausbildung<\/td>Sortenversuche und Schulungen<\/td>Pr\u00e4zise Sensorik, Datenaufzeichnung, flexible Sollwerte<\/td><\/tr>
Verarbeitungsbetrieb<\/td>Eigene Frischware f\u00fcr Trocknung oder Feinkost<\/td>Planbare Mengen, Hygienekonzept, kurze Wege<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Die Tabelle zeigt: Der gleiche Grundcontainer kann sehr unterschiedliche Aufgaben erf\u00fcllen. Eine wirtschaftliche Auslegung beginnt deshalb mit der Frage, ob der Raum als Fruchtungsraum, Inkubationsraum, Versuchszelle oder kombinierte Produktionseinheit dienen soll. F\u00fcr getrennte Produktionsphasen sind mehrere kleinere, separat regelbare Einheiten oft hygienisch und organisatorisch vorteilhafter als ein einziger gro\u00dfer Raum.<\/p>

Serienausstattung und Systemgrenzen<\/h2>

Eine markt\u00fcbliche Grundausstattung umfasst den ged\u00e4mmten Containerk\u00f6rper, Innenverkleidung, Boden, Zugangst\u00fcr, Regalsystem, K\u00e4lte- und Heizmodul, Befeuchtungseinheit, Frischluft- und Abluftkomponenten, Umluftventilatoren, Sensorik sowie einen Schaltschrank mit Steuerung. Je nach Ausf\u00fchrung geh\u00f6ren Fenster, Sichtfenster, Bodenabl\u00e4ufe, Beleuchtung, UV-best\u00e4ndige Au\u00dfenbeschichtung, elektrische Heizung oder W\u00e4rmepumpentechnik dazu.<\/p>

Eine klare Abgrenzung des Lieferumfangs verhindert Fehlplanungen. Der Pilzzuchtcontainer umfasst normalerweise die klimatisierte Kultivierungszelle. Nicht automatisch enthalten sind Substratherstellung, Sterilisation oder Pasteurisierung, Brutproduktion, Verpackungslinie, K\u00fchlraum f\u00fcr Ernteware, Geb\u00e4udeanschl\u00fcsse, Fundament, Kranstellung und bauseitige Abwasseranlagen. Diese Punkte m\u00fcssen in der Angebotsphase eindeutig als enthalten, optional oder bauseits markiert werden.<\/p>

F\u00fcr spezialisierte Klimafunktionen kann ein separater Klimaregler f\u00fcr die Pilzkultivierung<\/a> sinnvoll sein. Er unterst\u00fctzt die abgestimmte F\u00fchrung von Temperatur, Feuchte, Kohlendioxid und L\u00fcftungszeiten. Dennoch ersetzt die Steuerung keine sachkundige Kulturf\u00fchrung: Sensorwerte m\u00fcssen im Kontext von Substrattemperatur, Fruchtk\u00f6rperentwicklung, Luftverteilung und Hygiene bewertet werden.<\/p>
Komponente<\/th>Typische Funktion<\/th>Systemgrenze<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Ged\u00e4mmter Containerk\u00f6rper<\/td>Trennung von Au\u00dfenklima und Kulturraum<\/td>Fundament und Aufstellfl\u00e4che sind h\u00e4ufig bauseits<\/td><\/tr>
K\u00e4lte- und Heiztechnik<\/td>Temperaturhaltung \u00fcber die Kulturperiode<\/td>Elektrischer Anschluss und Netzabsicherung m\u00fcssen geplant werden<\/td><\/tr>
Befeuchtungseinheit<\/td>Anhebung und Stabilisierung der relativen Luftfeuchte<\/td>Wasserqualit\u00e4t, Vorfilterung und Ablauf sind Standortthemen<\/td><\/tr>
Frischluft- und Abluftsystem<\/td>Kohlendioxidabfuhr und Luftaustausch<\/td>Au\u00dfenluftansaugung und Ausblasrichtung sind vor Ort festzulegen<\/td><\/tr>
Regalsystem<\/td>Nutzung des Raumvolumens f\u00fcr Bl\u00f6cke oder Beutel<\/td>Substratbl\u00f6cke, Kisten und Erntebeh\u00e4lter geh\u00f6ren nicht zwingend dazu<\/td><\/tr>
Steuerschrank und Sensorik<\/td>Messung, Regelung und Alarmierung<\/td>Netzwerkzugang und mobile Datenverbindung sind bauseits zu kl\u00e4ren<\/td><\/tr>
Beleuchtung<\/td>Arbeitslicht und gegebenenfalls kulturrelevante Lichtphasen<\/td>Kulturspezifische Beleuchtungsprogramme ben\u00f6tigen Vorgaben des Z\u00fcchters<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Vor Vertragsabschluss sollte der K\u00e4ufer einen Stromlaufplan, eine Aufstellzeichnung, eine Leistungs\u00fcbersicht und eine Liste der Schnittstellen verlangen. Besonders bei Projekten mit mehreren Containern ist es sinnvoll, die Medienanschl\u00fcsse zentral zu planen. So lassen sich Nachr\u00fcstungen und unn\u00f6tige Leitungswege vermeiden.<\/p>

Kapazit\u00e4t, Abmessungen und Medienbedarf<\/h2>

Die Kapazit\u00e4t eines Pilzzuchtcontainers wird nicht allein in Quadratmetern angegeben. Aussagekr\u00e4ftiger sind die Anzahl der Regalebenen, die nutzbare Regalfl\u00e4che, die m\u00f6gliche Anzahl von Substratbl\u00f6cken, die zul\u00e4ssige Fl\u00e4chenbelastung und die geplante Erntemenge pro Woche. Diese Gr\u00f6\u00dfen variieren erheblich nach Pilzart, Blockgewicht, Beutelabstand, Erntezyklus und gew\u00fcnschter Arbeitsbreite.<\/p>

Im deutschen Markt werden h\u00e4ufig Einheiten auf Basis von 20-Fu\u00df- oder 40-Fu\u00df-Containern eingesetzt. Ein 20-Fu\u00df-Modul eignet sich f\u00fcr Pilotproduktion, Versuchsanlagen oder kleine Direktvermarktung. Ein 40-Fu\u00df-Modul bietet mehr Regalfl\u00e4che und kann f\u00fcr gewerbliche Ernteplanung effizienter sein. Bei engen Stadtstandorten kann ein k\u00fcrzerer Container logistisch leichter zu transportieren und aufzustellen sein; bei gr\u00f6\u00dferen Betrieben nahe Bremen, Hannover oder Augsburg stehen dagegen oft Energieeffizienz und Arbeitsabl\u00e4ufe im Vordergrund.<\/p>
Planungsgr\u00f6\u00dfe<\/th>Kompakte Einheit<\/th>Gr\u00f6\u00dfere Einheit<\/th>Bedeutung f\u00fcr den K\u00e4ufer<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Au\u00dfenl\u00e4nge<\/td>etwa 6,1 m<\/td>etwa 12,2 m<\/td>Einfluss auf Transport, Kranstellung und Grundst\u00fccksfl\u00e4che<\/td><\/tr>
Au\u00dfenbreite<\/td>etwa 2,4 m<\/td>etwa 2,4 m<\/td>Zufahrt, Abst\u00e4nde und Wartungszugang pr\u00fcfen<\/td><\/tr>
Innenh\u00f6he<\/td>modellabh\u00e4ngig<\/td>modellabh\u00e4ngig<\/td>Bestimmt Regalebenen und Luftstr\u00f6mungsraum<\/td><\/tr>
Nutzbare Regalfl\u00e4che<\/td>abh\u00e4ngig von Regalanordnung<\/td>abh\u00e4ngig von Regalanordnung<\/td>Grundlage f\u00fcr Blockzahl und Erntekalkulation<\/td><\/tr>
Elektrische Anschlussleistung<\/td>klimaabh\u00e4ngig<\/td>klimaabh\u00e4ngig<\/td>Mit Netzbetreiber und Elektroplanung abstimmen<\/td><\/tr>
Wasserbedarf<\/td>abh\u00e4ngig von Befeuchtung und Reinigung<\/td>abh\u00e4ngig von Befeuchtung und Reinigung<\/td>Trinkwasserqualit\u00e4t, Druck und Ablauf ber\u00fccksichtigen<\/td><\/tr>
Abwasser und Kondensat<\/td>klein bis mittel<\/td>mittel bis h\u00f6her<\/td>Bodenablauf, Gef\u00e4lle und frostfreie Leitung einplanen<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Die genannten Werte sind Planungsgr\u00f6\u00dfen und keine verbindliche Leistungszusage. Verbindlich sind die Abmessungen und Medienwerte in der technischen Zeichnung des jeweiligen Angebots. F\u00fcr Deutschland sollten Au\u00dfenlufttemperaturen, regionale Frostperioden, Sonneneinstrahlung und \u00f6rtliche Stromtarife fr\u00fch ber\u00fccksichtigt werden. Ein Container in Freiburg ben\u00f6tigt im Sommer eine andere K\u00fchlauslegung als eine Anlage im winterkalten Raum Erfurt oder im Bayerischen Wald.<\/p>

Beim Standort gilt: Der Container ben\u00f6tigt eine tragf\u00e4hige, ebene und entw\u00e4sserte Fl\u00e4che. Gute L\u00f6sungen verwenden ein Betonfundament, Streifenfundamente oder eine statisch geeignete Schottertragschicht nach \u00f6rtlicher Planung. Vor den T\u00fcren und an Wartungsseiten sollte ausreichend Bewegungsfl\u00e4che f\u00fcr Personal, Hubwagen, Substratlieferung und Reinigung bleiben. Auch die Anlieferung \u00fcber Hafen Hamburg, Bremerhaven oder einen Binnenlogistikstandort muss vor Bestellung mit Zufahrt, Wenderadius und Kranposition gepr\u00fcft werden.<\/p>

Temperatur, Luftfeuchte, Kohlendioxid, Luftstrom und Regelg\u00fcte<\/h2>

Das Klima entscheidet \u00fcber Form, Farbe, Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit und Qualit\u00e4t der Fruchtk\u00f6rper. Temperatur, relative Luftfeuchte, Kohlendioxidgehalt und Luftstr\u00f6mung wirken zusammen. Eine hohe Luftfeuchte bei schlechter Luftbewegung kann Kondensation und Krankheitsdruck beg\u00fcnstigen. Eine starke Luftstr\u00f6mung bei zu geringer Feuchte kann Fruchtk\u00f6rper austrocknen. Ein niedriger Kohlendioxidwert kann f\u00fcr bestimmte Arten und Fruchtungsphasen sinnvoll sein, w\u00e4hrend andere Prozessschritte h\u00f6here Werte erfordern.<\/p>

Professionelle Anlagen arbeiten daher mit mehreren Messpunkten und abgestimmten Regelstufen. Die Sensoren sollten nicht direkt im Nebelstrahl, an der Verdampferausblasung oder unmittelbar an der T\u00fcr sitzen. Zus\u00e4tzlich zur Raumluftmessung ist die Kontrolle der Substrat- oder Blocktemperatur bei anspruchsvollen Kulturen hilfreich. Bei l\u00e4ngeren Regalg\u00e4ngen sind mehrere Luftzonen oder sorgf\u00e4ltig dimensionierte Luftkan\u00e4le wichtig, damit die hinteren Regalbereiche nicht schlechter versorgt werden als die T\u00fcrzone.<\/p>
Klimaparameter<\/th>Steueraufgabe<\/th>Typisches Risiko bei Abweichung<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Temperatur<\/td>K\u00fchlen und heizen entsprechend Kulturphase<\/td>Verz\u00f6gertes Wachstum, Qualit\u00e4tsverlust oder Ertragsschwankung<\/td><\/tr>
Relative Luftfeuchte<\/td>Befeuchten und Kondensation begrenzen<\/td>Austrocknung, Wasserflecken oder mikrobielles Risiko<\/td><\/tr>
Kohlendioxid<\/td>Frischluftmenge und Abluft taktgenau f\u00fchren<\/td>Ung\u00fcnstige Stiell\u00e4nge, kleine H\u00fcte oder ungleichm\u00e4\u00dfige Entwicklung<\/td><\/tr>
Luftgeschwindigkeit<\/td>Umluft gleichm\u00e4\u00dfig verteilen<\/td>Trockene Randzonen oder stehende, feuchte Luftbereiche<\/td><\/tr>
Au\u00dfenluftanteil<\/td>Bedarfsgerechter Luftwechsel<\/td>\u00dcberm\u00e4\u00dfiger Energieverbrauch oder unzureichende Gasabfuhr<\/td><\/tr>
Lichtzeit<\/td>Zeitschaltung nach Kulturanforderung<\/td>Uneinheitliche Entwicklung bei lichtrelevanten Arten<\/td><\/tr>
T\u00fcr\u00f6ffnungen<\/td>Alarmierung und Wiederherstellung des Klimas<\/td>Pl\u00f6tzliche Temperatur- und Feuchteschwankungen<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Die Regelg\u00fcte sollte nicht als theoretische Einzahl bewertet werden. Relevant ist, wie schnell das System nach T\u00fcr\u00f6ffnung, Beladung, Ernte oder stark wechselndem Au\u00dfenwetter wieder in den Zielbereich zur\u00fcckkehrt. K\u00e4ufer sollten nach Sensorart, Kalibrierintervallen, Datenaufzeichnung, Alarmgrenzen und dem Verhalten bei Sensorausfall fragen. Auch eine Reserveleistung f\u00fcr warme Tage und hohe Produktlast ist wichtig.<\/p>

Technologisch st\u00fctzt sich Lanhu auf mehr als zw\u00f6lf Jahre thermodynamische Entwicklungsarbeit. Die Auslegung kann K\u00fchl-, Heiz-, Befeuchtungs- und L\u00fcftungsfunktionen als abgestimmtes Gesamtsystem verbinden. Vor Auslieferung werden Funktionen, elektrische Komponenten und der Betriebsablauf gepr\u00fcft. F\u00fcr K\u00e4ufer bedeutet das nicht, dass jede Kultur automatisch identische Ergebnisse erzielt; es schafft jedoch eine belastbare technische Basis f\u00fcr kulturspezifische Sollwerte und reproduzierbare Prozesse.<\/p>

Hauptkomponenten, Werkstoffe und Schutzfunktionen<\/h2>

Die Materialwahl beeinflusst Hygiene, W\u00e4rmeverluste, Korrosionsbest\u00e4ndigkeit und Lebensdauer. Innenfl\u00e4chen sollen glatt, feuchtebest\u00e4ndig und gut zu reinigen sein. Regale m\u00fcssen die Last von Substratbl\u00f6cken dauerhaft tragen und gegen Feuchtigkeit gesch\u00fctzt sein. D\u00e4mmplatten sollen eine geschlossene, w\u00e4rmebr\u00fcckenarme H\u00fclle bilden. Die T\u00fcrdichtung muss dicht schlie\u00dfen, ohne den t\u00e4glichen Betriebsablauf zu erschweren.<\/p>

F\u00fcr die deutsche Praxis ist der Schutz gegen Kondensat, Frost, Korrosion und elektrische Feuchtigkeit besonders wichtig. Elektrische Bauteile ben\u00f6tigen eine geeignete Schutzart f\u00fcr die feuchte Umgebung. Wasserf\u00fchrende Leitungen und Armaturen m\u00fcssen bei Au\u00dfenaufstellung gegen Frost gesch\u00fctzt werden. Ein Not-Aus, Leitungsschutz, Fehlerstromschutz nach \u00f6rtlicher Elektroplanung, T\u00fcrsicherheitsfunktionen und sichere Wartungszug\u00e4nge geh\u00f6ren zu einer professionellen Risikobetrachtung.<\/p>
Bauteil<\/th>Geeignete Ausf\u00fchrung<\/th>Nutzen im Pilzbetrieb<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Innenwand<\/td>Glatte, feuchtebest\u00e4ndige Oberfl\u00e4che<\/td>Schnellere Reinigung und geringere Schmutzanhaftung<\/td><\/tr>
D\u00e4mmung<\/td>Geschlossenzellige D\u00e4mmplatten mit dichter Verbindung<\/td>Geringere W\u00e4rmeverluste und stabileres Raumklima<\/td><\/tr>
Boden<\/td>Rutschhemmend, wasserbest\u00e4ndig, mit Reinigungsm\u00f6glichkeit<\/td>Sicherer Arbeitsbereich bei Ernte und Nassreinigung<\/td><\/tr>
Regale<\/td>Korrosionsbest\u00e4ndiger Stahl oder beschichtete Konstruktion<\/td>Tragf\u00e4higkeit und hygienische Lagerung von Bl\u00f6cken<\/td><\/tr>
T\u00fcr und Dichtung<\/td>Isolierte T\u00fcr mit belastbarer Dichtung<\/td>Reduzierter Lufteintrag und geringere Energieverluste<\/td><\/tr>
Luftkan\u00e4le<\/td>Reinigungsfreundliche, korrosionsbest\u00e4ndige Ausf\u00fchrung<\/td>Gleichm\u00e4\u00dfigere Luftverteilung \u00fcber alle Regalzonen<\/td><\/tr>
Elektrischer Schaltschrank<\/td>Feuchtegesch\u00fctzte Komponenten und klare Kennzeichnung<\/td>Betriebssicherheit und vereinfachte Wartung<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Lanhu verf\u00fcgt \u00fcber integrierte Fertigungskapazit\u00e4ten f\u00fcr Konstruktion, Blechbearbeitung, CNC-Biegen, D\u00e4mmplattenfertigung, elektrische Montage, Systemintegration und Pr\u00fcfung. Die Produktionsfl\u00e4che umfasst mehr als 30.000 Quadratmeter. F\u00fcr den K\u00e4ufer ist dieser integrierte Ansatz vor allem dann relevant, wenn Sonderma\u00dfe, abweichende T\u00fcrpositionen, zus\u00e4tzliche Regale oder projektspezifische Medienanschl\u00fcsse erforderlich sind. Die Fertigungstiefe erleichtert die Abstimmung zwischen H\u00fclle, Klimaeinheit und Steuerung.<\/p>

Automatisierung, Fern\u00fcberwachung und Anpassungsoptionen<\/h2>

Die Automatisierung eines Pilzzuchtcontainers reicht von einer einfachen Sollwertsteuerung bis zu einer umfassenden Betriebs\u00fcberwachung. In einer Grundkonfiguration regelt das System Temperatur, Luftfeuchte, L\u00fcftung und Beleuchtung nach Zeitprogrammen und Messwerten. Erweiterte L\u00f6sungen speichern historische Daten, melden Grenzwertabweichungen und erlauben die \u00dcberwachung \u00fcber ein gesichertes Netzwerk.<\/p>

Eine Fern\u00fcberwachung ist besonders sinnvoll, wenn mehrere Container an verschiedenen Standorten betrieben werden oder wenn der Betreiber nicht st\u00e4ndig am Standort ist. F\u00fcr einen Betrieb mit Verkaufsstelle in M\u00fcnchen und Produktion im Umland kann eine Alarmmeldung au\u00dferhalb der Arbeitszeit helfen, Ausf\u00e4lle fr\u00fcher zu erkennen. Die Fernfunktion sollte jedoch mit klaren Benutzerrechten, zuverl\u00e4ssiger Internetverbindung und einem Plan f\u00fcr lokale Bedienung bei Netzausfall kombiniert werden.<\/p>

Typische Anpassungsoptionen sind zus\u00e4tzliche Temperatur- und Kohlendioxidsensoren, unterschiedliche Regalgeometrien, Innenbeleuchtung, Beobachtungsfenster, Wasseraufbereitung, W\u00e4rmer\u00fcckgewinnung, erweiterte Alarmierung, Mehrzonenregelung und kundenspezifische Au\u00dfenfarben. Auch die Auslegung f\u00fcr besondere Pilzarten oder wechselnde Chargengr\u00f6\u00dfen kann ber\u00fccksichtigt werden. \u00dcber den Bereich kundenspezifische Anlagenanpassung<\/a> lassen sich Anforderungen an Aufbau, Funktion und Kennzeichnung strukturiert abstimmen.<\/p>

Bis 2026 werden drei Entwicklungen den Markt pr\u00e4gen. Erstens nehmen datenbasierte Klimamodelle zu: Messwerte aus mehreren Kulturen helfen, Energieverbrauch und Sollwerte besser aufeinander abzustimmen. Zweitens gewinnt Nachhaltigkeit an Bedeutung, etwa durch energieeffiziente Verdichter, W\u00e4rmer\u00fcckgewinnung, optimierte D\u00e4mmung und die Nutzung von Photovoltaik in Verbindung mit Lastmanagement. Drittens steigen die Anforderungen an R\u00fcckverfolgbarkeit, Arbeitssicherheit und dokumentierte Wartung. Deutsche K\u00e4ufer sollten daher auf offene, verst\u00e4ndliche Datenprotokolle und langfristig verf\u00fcgbare Ersatzteile achten.<\/p>

Aufstellung, Inbetriebnahme, Wartung und Gew\u00e4hrleistung<\/h2>

Die Aufstellung beginnt mit einer Standortpr\u00fcfung. Zu pr\u00fcfen sind Tragf\u00e4higkeit, Entw\u00e4sserung, Wind- und Schneelastannahmen, Zug\u00e4nglichkeit f\u00fcr Lieferung, Abstand zu Nachbarfl\u00e4chen, Stromversorgung, Wasseranschluss, Ablauf und m\u00f6gliche Genehmigungsfragen. Je nach Bundesland, Gemeinde, Aufstellungsdauer und Nutzung kann eine baurechtliche Abstimmung erforderlich sein. Der Betreiber sollte dies fr\u00fchzeitig mit der zust\u00e4ndigen Stelle kl\u00e4ren.<\/p>

Bei der Inbetriebnahme werden elektrische Anschl\u00fcsse, Wasserwege, Ablauf, Sensorwerte, L\u00fcfterdrehrichtung, K\u00e4lte- und Heizfunktion, Befeuchtung, Alarmmeldungen und T\u00fcrkontakte kontrolliert. Danach folgt ein Leerbetrieb, bei dem Temperatur, Feuchte und Kohlendioxidregelung unter verschiedenen Betriebszust\u00e4nden gepr\u00fcft werden. Erst nach einer dokumentierten Funktionspr\u00fcfung sollte die erste vollst\u00e4ndige Kulturcharge eingebracht werden.<\/p>

Die Wartung umfasst die regelm\u00e4\u00dfige Reinigung von Filtern, D\u00fcsen, Kondensatwegen, Verdampferfl\u00e4chen, L\u00fcftern und Abl\u00e4ufen. Sensoren sollten nach Herstellervorgabe gepr\u00fcft und bei Bedarf kalibriert werden. Dichtungen, Regale, elektrische Klemmen und Sicherheitsfunktionen geh\u00f6ren ebenfalls in den Wartungsplan. Wasserqualit\u00e4t ist ein zentraler Punkt: Kalk, Schwebstoffe oder mikrobielle Belastung k\u00f6nnen D\u00fcsen und Leitungen beeintr\u00e4chtigen.<\/p>

Lanhu bietet f\u00fcr internationale Projekte Unterst\u00fctzung bei technischer Abstimmung, Ersatzteilen, Installationsanleitung und Kundendienst. Vor Bestellung sollten deutsche K\u00e4ufer die Gew\u00e4hrleistungsbedingungen, Reaktionswege, verf\u00fcgbare Ersatzteile, Fernunterst\u00fctzung, Sprache der Unterlagen und Zust\u00e4ndigkeiten f\u00fcr Montage eindeutig schriftlich festhalten. F\u00fcr konkrete Projektanfragen steht der Kontakt f\u00fcr Pilzzuchtanlagen<\/a> zur Verf\u00fcgung.<\/p>

Kommerzielle Spezifikation und Checkliste f\u00fcr Angebotsanfragen<\/h2>

Eine gute Angebotsanfrage f\u00fchrt zu vergleichbaren Angeboten. Beschreiben Sie nicht nur \u201eeinen Container f\u00fcr Pilze\u201c, sondern nennen Sie Pilzart, Produktionsphase, Standort, geplante Blockzahl, Betriebszeiten, gew\u00fcnschte Erntemenge und vorhandene Anschl\u00fcsse. Je genauer die Anfrage, desto besser kann die Klimaleistung und der Lieferumfang ausgelegt werden.<\/p>
Punkt f\u00fcr die Angebotsanfrage<\/th>Angabe des K\u00e4ufers<\/th>Warum dies wichtig ist<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Standort in Deutschland<\/td>Stadt, Bundesland, Au\u00dfenaufstellung oder Halle<\/td>Grundlage f\u00fcr Klima-, Frost- und Logistikplanung<\/td><\/tr>
Pilzart und Kulturphase<\/td>Zum Beispiel Fruchtung oder Durchwachsen<\/td>Bestimmt Temperatur, Feuchte, Luftwechsel und Licht<\/td><\/tr>
Produktionsziel<\/td>Blockzahl, Wochenmenge oder Regalfl\u00e4che<\/td>Erm\u00f6glicht passende Raum- und Regalplanung<\/td><\/tr>
Stromversorgung<\/td>Spannung, verf\u00fcgbare Leistung, Absicherung<\/td>Verhindert Fehlanpassungen der Klimakomponenten<\/td><\/tr>
Wasser und Ablauf<\/td>Wasserdruck, Wasserqualit\u00e4t, Bodenablauf<\/td>Wichtig f\u00fcr Befeuchtung, Reinigung und Kondensat<\/td><\/tr>
Gew\u00fcnschte Automatisierung<\/td>Grundsteuerung, Datenspeicherung oder Fernalarm<\/td>Definiert Schaltschrank, Sensorik und Kommunikationsbedarf<\/td><\/tr>
Lieferumfang<\/td>Transport, Kranstellung, Montage, Schulung, Ersatzteile<\/td>Schafft klare kaufm\u00e4nnische und technische Grenzen<\/td><\/tr>
Dokumentation<\/td>Zeichnungen, Stromlaufplan, Bedienung, Wartungsplan<\/td>Erleichtert Abnahme, Betrieb und sp\u00e4tere Wartung<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

Zus\u00e4tzlich sollten K\u00e4ufer nach Lieferzeit, Verpackung f\u00fcr Seetransport oder Landtransport, Incoterms, Ersatzteilpaket und Abnahmeverfahren fragen. F\u00fcr Lieferungen nach Deutschland kann die Logistik \u00fcber Hamburg oder Bremerhaven relevant sein; bei s\u00fcddeutschen Projekten sind Anschlusswege \u00fcber Stuttgart, M\u00fcnchen oder N\u00fcrnberg fr\u00fch zu planen. Ein klarer \u00dcbergabepunkt reduziert Risiken bei Verz\u00f6gerungen oder Transportsch\u00e4den.<\/p>

Wer Referenzans\u00e4tze vergleichen m\u00f6chte, kann sich Beispiele realisierter Kultivierungsprojekte<\/a> ansehen. Dabei sollte jede Referenz hinsichtlich Klima, Pilzart, Produktionssystem, Standort und Betriebsmodell eingeordnet werden. Ein Projekt in subtropischem Klima ist nicht ohne Anpassung auf einen Standort in Schleswig-Holstein oder Bayern \u00fcbertragbar.<\/p>

H\u00e4ufige Fragen<\/h2>

Ist ein Pilzzuchtcontainer in Deutschland ganzj\u00e4hrig nutzbar?<\/strong>
Ja, wenn K\u00fchlung, Heizung, D\u00e4mmung und Frostschutz f\u00fcr den konkreten Standort ausgelegt sind. Die tats\u00e4chliche Wirtschaftlichkeit h\u00e4ngt von Au\u00dfenklima, Energiepreis, T\u00fcr\u00f6ffnungen, Beladung und Kulturstrategie ab.<\/p>

Welche Pilzarten k\u00f6nnen in einem Container kultiviert werden?<\/strong>
H\u00e4ufig werden Austernseitlinge, Shiitake, Kr\u00e4uterseitlinge und Igelstachelbart produziert. Die Eignung h\u00e4ngt von den Klimaanforderungen und dem Substratsystem ab. F\u00fcr jede Art sind eigene Sollwerte und Arbeitsabl\u00e4ufe erforderlich.<\/p>

Wie gro\u00df sollte der erste Container sein?<\/strong>
F\u00fcr einen Markttest oder die Direktvermarktung kann eine kompakte Einheit sinnvoll sein. Bei gesicherter Nachfrage und regelm\u00e4\u00dfigem Substratnachschub bietet eine gr\u00f6\u00dfere Einheit meist bessere Arbeitsabl\u00e4ufe. Entscheidend ist die geplante Wochenmenge, nicht nur die verf\u00fcgbare Grundst\u00fccksfl\u00e4che.<\/p>

Ben\u00f6tigt der Container einen Wasseranschluss?<\/strong>
In der Regel ja, insbesondere f\u00fcr Befeuchtung und Reinigung. Zus\u00e4tzlich sind Wasserqualit\u00e4t, Druck, Filtration und ein geeigneter Ablauf zu ber\u00fccksichtigen.<\/p>

Kann die Anlage aus der Ferne \u00fcberwacht werden?<\/strong>
Je nach Steuerungskonfiguration sind Datenanzeige, Alarmmeldung und Fernzugriff m\u00f6glich. Vor Ort sollte dennoch eine verantwortliche Person f\u00fcr Reinigung, Ernte, Sichtpr\u00fcfung und St\u00f6rungsma\u00dfnahmen verf\u00fcgbar sein.<\/p>

Welche Unterlagen sollten vor dem Kauf vorliegen?<\/strong>
Empfehlenswert sind technische Zeichnung, Leistungs\u00fcbersicht, Komponentenliste, Stromlaufplan, Anschlussplan, Bedienungsanleitung, Wartungsplan, Gew\u00e4hrleistungsbedingungen und eine klare Lieferumfangsliste.<\/p>

Ist ein Container nachhaltiger als ein konventioneller Kulturraum?<\/strong>
Das h\u00e4ngt von D\u00e4mmung, Auslastung, Energietechnik, Standort und Betriebsf\u00fchrung ab. Vorteile k\u00f6nnen die kompakte H\u00fclle, modulare Erweiterbarkeit und gezielte Klimaregelung sein. Besonders relevant sind niedrige W\u00e4rmeverluste, bedarfsgerechte L\u00fcftung und eine hohe Auslastung der Regalfl\u00e4che.<\/p>

Wie l\u00e4sst sich ein individuelles Projekt starten?<\/strong>
Bereiten Sie Standortdaten, Pilzart, Produktionsziel, Medienanschl\u00fcsse und gew\u00fcnschte Automatisierung vor. Anschlie\u00dfend kann der Lieferant die Containergr\u00f6\u00dfe, Klimakomponenten, Regale, Schnittstellen und den Serviceumfang projektbezogen abstimmen.<\/p>","ru-title":"\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0435\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438: \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b","ru-meta":"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438: \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0436, \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043a-\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043a\u0438 \u0444\u0435\u0440\u043c\u044b.","ru-content":"

\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442<\/h2>

\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0432 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0443\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0435. \u0412\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0431\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0432: \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430, \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0430, \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/p>

\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043c, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0435\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430. \u041c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u0432 \u0422\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0443\u0437\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0415\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0430, \u043d\u0430 \u0414\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430.<\/p>

\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u00ab\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c\u00bb, \u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0431, \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442, \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u044f\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443, \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0431\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0430; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0448\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043d\u044c\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0448\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0435, \u044d\u043d\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>

\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u0428\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0434\u0443\u043d \u041b\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0445\u0443\u00bb \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c, \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0439, \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>

\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0438 \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/h2>

\u0413\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0436\u0430\u0440\u044b, \u043c\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0430, \u043f\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0430 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442. \u0412 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435.<\/p>

\u041d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043a\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0435\u0440\u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0448\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043d\u044c\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0431\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435 \u0438 \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u041f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0435, \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0435, \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0411\u0430\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0438.<\/p>

\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u0430\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0445\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u044b \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0437\u043b\u044b.<\/p>
\u0421\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/th>\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442<\/th>\u0426\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438<\/th>\u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u041d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430<\/td>\u0412\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430<\/td>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0436\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043a\u0435<\/td>\u0411\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0441 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/td><\/tr>
\u0420\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a<\/td>\u0428\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430<\/td>\u0420\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/td>\u041d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0442\u044b \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430<\/td><\/tr>
\u0410\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0440\u043a<\/td>\u0412\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430, \u0448\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0435<\/td>\u0414\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td>\u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b \u044d\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c<\/td><\/tr>
\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430<\/td>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b<\/td>\u0422\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/td>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/td><\/tr>
\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435<\/td>\u0412\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430<\/td>\u0421\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u044b\u0440\u044c\u0451 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0437\u043a\u0438<\/td>\u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438<\/td><\/tr>
\u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440<\/td>\u041d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0432<\/td>\u041e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\u041d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438. \u041a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0451\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0438, \u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0441 \u0438\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043a \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443.<\/p>

\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043e\u0432<\/a>. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>

\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438<\/h2>

\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0441, \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044c, \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a, \u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u0443\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0448\u043a\u0430\u0444 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0436. \u0412 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435, \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0441, \u0442\u0430\u043c\u0431\u0443\u0440, \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0437\u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445\u0430, \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b.<\/p>

\u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c, \u043d\u043e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0431\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0437\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u042f\u043a\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0438, \u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u043c\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u0443\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0430.<\/p><\/tbody><\/table>

\u0413\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0432<\/a> \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438, \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u044a\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434.<\/p>

\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c<\/h2>

\u041d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u2014 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0438- \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0444\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0430, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0441 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0430 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0432. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, \u0431\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043d \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430.<\/p>

\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u044f\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439. \u0421\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438. \u0421\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0430\u044f.<\/p>

\u0423\u0437\u0435\u043b<\/th>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0435<\/th>\u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u041a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0441 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438<\/td>\u0422\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\u0422\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0430<\/td>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0443<\/td><\/tr>
\u041a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a<\/td>\u041d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0432, \u043e\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0437\u0438\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430<\/td>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/td><\/tr>
\u0423\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/td>\u041a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0432\u043a\u0438<\/td>\u0417\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0432<\/td><\/tr>
\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u0432\u044b\u0442\u044f\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/td>\u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445\u0430<\/td>\u0424\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0448\u0443\u043c, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430<\/td>\u0421\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438<\/td><\/tr>
\u0421\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0438<\/td>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/td>\u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u044f\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430<\/td>\u041c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e<\/td><\/tr>
\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/td>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439<\/td>\u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f, \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430, \u0430\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c<\/td><\/tr>
\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440<\/th>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c<\/th>\u0423\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c<\/th>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u041d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/td>\u041e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 6 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432<\/td>\u041e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 12 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432<\/td>\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443<\/td><\/tr>
\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u044c<\/td>\u0417\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0439<\/td>\u0412\u044b\u0448\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u044f\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432<\/td>\u041d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/td><\/tr>
\u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0439<\/td>\u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e 3\u20134 \u044f\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0430<\/td>\u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e 4\u20136 \u044f\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432<\/td>\u0412\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u044d\u0440\u0433\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443 \u0443\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438<\/td><\/tr>
\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td>\u0422\u0440\u0451\u0445\u0444\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0444\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443<\/td>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u0442\u0440\u0451\u0445\u0444\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0435<\/td>\u041d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0435<\/td><\/tr>
\u0412\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0431\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438<\/td>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438<\/td>\u041a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441<\/td><\/tr>
\u0414\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0436<\/td>\u041e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/td>\u041e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/td>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c: \u043f\u043e\u0434\u044a\u0435\u0437\u0434 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0430, \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0443\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0430, \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0441 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e.<\/p>

\u0412 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0432 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0436\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0451\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439. \u0412 \u044e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440 \u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432-\u043d\u0430-\u0414\u043e\u043d\u0443, \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u043e\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0436\u0430\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0435.<\/p>

\u0422\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430, \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u0430\u0437, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0448\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h2>

\u041c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u2014 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0432. \u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0442\u044f\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043b, \u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0435\u0432 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0430.<\/p>

\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u0443\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u0432\u044b\u0442\u044f\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0443: \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438, \u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0441, \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0430\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439.<\/p>
\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c<\/th>\u0417\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/th>\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438<\/th>\u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0422\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445\u0430<\/td>\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\u0421\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0432 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/td>\u0414\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430<\/td><\/tr>
\u041e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043b<\/td>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u044b\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0430<\/td>\u0420\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td><\/tr>
\u0423\u0433\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u0430\u0437<\/td>\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445\u0435<\/td>\u0414\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\u041e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/td><\/tr>
\u0421\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445\u0430<\/td>\u041e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b<\/td>\u0417\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0432<\/td>\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/td><\/tr>
\u0422\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430<\/td>\u041f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0432<\/td>\u041f\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b<\/td>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445<\/td><\/tr>
\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438<\/td>\u0424\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/td>\u041f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0447\u043e\u043a \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u044f\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td>\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0438 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0439<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>

\u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0448\u0442\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430. \u041d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u043a \u0438\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0431\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0430\u044f. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0435\u0440\u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>

\u041a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u00ab\u0428\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0434\u0443\u043d \u041b\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0445\u0443\u00bb \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c. \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442\u044b \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439.<\/p>

\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0437\u043b\u044b, \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430<\/h2>

\u041a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432 \u043a \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435, \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0435, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0449\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438. \u0423\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c.<\/p>

\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0446\u0438\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445, \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0431\u044e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438, \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438.<\/p>

\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0433\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0443, \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0443, \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 30 000 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0435.<\/p>